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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 29 issue 3 (september 2008) : 207 - 213

INTERCROPPING GREEN MANURE IN WET SEEDED RICE- A REVIEW

C
C. Vennila
C
C. Jayanthi
K
K. Nalini
1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Vennila C., Jayanthi C., Nalini K. (2025). INTERCROPPING GREEN MANURE IN WET SEEDED RICE- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(3): 207 - 213. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Non availability of labour in time, higher wages and their lower efficiency are often quoted as constraints in transplanting with manual labour leading to delay in planting and resultant sub optimal population which ultimately lowers the yield of rice crop. The practice of transplanting is being increasingly replaced by direct seeding as labour becomes scarce and cost prohibitive. Constant decline in rice yield and consequent reduction in profit is experienced in irrigated lowlands of Asia because more than 21 per cent of total cost of production is accounted for transplanting alone. Therefore, adoption of alternative rice culture, which requires less input and possible increase in yield, is highly desirable. One such alternative is wet seeded rice. Moreover, dual cropping of green manures in lowland rice combined with intercultivation, suppressed the weeds effectively increases the fertility status of the soil by legume effect thereby increases crop yield.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Abrol, I.P. and Palaniappan, SP. (1988). In: Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture, Int. Rice Res.
    2. Inst., Philippines, 25-29 May, 1987, pp.71-82.
    3. Agarwal, P.K. et al. (1992). Agron. J., 84: 71-78.
    4. Ali, M. and Narsico, J.H. (1993). In: IRRI Social Science Division Paper Series, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
    5. Angadi, V.V. (1997). IRRN. 22(1): 47-48.
    6. Annadurai, K. and Palaniappan, SP. (1999). In: Vistas of Rice Research (Platinum Jubilee 1922-1997) of Tamil Nadu
    7. Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, pp.305-309.
    8. Arunin, S.C. et al. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming: Proceedings of the Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture,
    9. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Las Banos, Philippines, 25-29 May, 1987. pp.83-95.
    10. Bana, O.P.S. and Pant, A.K. (2000). Indian Farmers Digest. 33(2): 19-20.
    11. Bhuiyan, N. et al. (1988). In: Dhaincha Green Manure: A Potential Nitrogen Source for Rainfed Lowland Rice-Workshop,
    12. IRRI. pp.108.
    13. Bhuiyan, S.I. et al. (1995). Irrig. Sci., 16: 1-8.
    14. Budhar, M.N. et al. (1990). Oryza. 27: 208-209.
    15. 212 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
    16. Budhar, M.N. et al. (1991). Indian J. Agron., 36(2): 251-252.
    17. Casico, W.C. (1990). In: Food and Fertilizer Technology Centre for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taiwan, Republic of
    18. China. Extension Bulle-tin No.314. pp.14.
    19. Channabasavanna, A.S. and Setty, R.A. (1992). Indian J. Agron., 37: 803-804.
    20. De Datta, S.K. (1986). Exp. Agri., 22: 417-426.
    21. De Datta, S.K. and Bernasar, P.C. (1971). Weed Res., 11: 41-48.
    22. De Datta, S.K. and Flinn, J.C. (1986). In: Weeds and the Environment in the Tropics, Proceedings for the 10th Conference
    23. of Asian - Pacific Weed Science Society (Ed.) Nota. K. and Mercando Chiang Mai, B.C. Thailand. pp.51-74.
    24. De Datta, S.K. et al. (1989). In: ASA Abstract, 1989 Annual Meeting. American Society of Agronomy, Las Vegas,
    25. Navada. pp.236.
    26. De Datta, S.R. (1981). In: Principles and Practices of Rice Production. John wiley and sors. New York, pp. 618.
    27. Diekmann, K.H. (1990). Ph.D. Thesis, Justus-Lubig University, Giessen, Germany.
    28. Dingkuhn, M. et al. (1990). Crop Sic., 30: 1284-1292.
    29. Erguiza, A. et al. (1990). IRRI Res. Pap. Ser., 139. pp10.
    30. FAO. (1977). In: Report on FAO/UNDP tour to the Republic China, 28 April - 24 May, 1977. FAO Soils Bulletin.
    31. Gosh, M. and Sharma, K.C. (1996). Crop Res., 11(2): 133-136.
    32. Greenland, D.J. et al. (1979). J. Soil Sci., 26: 291-294.
    33. Hemalatha, M. et al. (2000). Indian J. Agron., 45(3): 564-567.
    34. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). (1980). Handbook of Agriculture. Indian council of Agricultural Research,
    35. New Delhi (Revised Edition), pp. 760-790.
    36. IRRI. (1985). Annual report for 1984. Manila, Philippines.
    37. IRRI. (1988). Annual report for 1987. Manila, Philippines.
    38. IRRI. (1995). Annual report for 1994. Manila, Philippines.
    39. Jayapal, P. et al. (1995). IRRN. 29(4): 17.
    40. Jha, K.P. et al. (1989). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 59: 207-210.
    41. Jiao, B. (1983). Soil Sci. 135: 65-69.
    42. Joseph. (1998). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore.
    43. Kabaki, N. and Kon, T. (1991). Bulletin of Hokuriku National Agric. Expt. Station. 33:55-81.
    44. Kakde, J.R. (1965). Indian J. Agron., 10: 443-446.
    45. Kalidurai, M. (1998). Ann. Agric. Res., 19(4): 365-369.
    46. Khan, M.A.K. (1990). M.Sc. Thesis, Central Luzon State University, Philippines.
    47. Khind, C.S. et al. (1987). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 35: 43-45.
    48. Khuntia, B. et al. (1989). The Orissa J. Agric. Res., 2: 129-130.
    49. Ladha, J.K. et al. (1988). In: Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture: Green manure in rice farming, 25-
    50. 29, May 1987. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Philippines. pp.165-183.
    51. Lantican, M.A. et al. (1999). Expl. Agric., 35: 127-140.
    52. Lauren, J.G. et al. (1996). Soil Sci. Soc. America J., 60: 183-192.
    53. Medhi, D.N. (1996). IRRN. 21(2-3): 71.
    54. Moody, K. and Cordova, V.G. (1985). In: Women in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Phillipines. pp. 467-478.
    55. Nabheerong, N. (1995). In: Constraints, Opportunities and Innovations for Wet Seeded Rice Proceedings, Moody, K.
    56. (Ed.) Los Banos, Laguna, IRRI. pp.107-117.
    57. Obcemea, W.N. et al. (1990). J. Crop Sci., 15: 99-105.
    58. Okazaki, K. et al. (1990). Bulletin of the Shikoku National Agric. Exptl. Station. 536: 79-86.
    59. Pal, S.K. et al. (1999). J. Res., (BAU) 11(1): 19-22.
    60. Palaniappan, S.P. et al. (1990). In: Int. Symposium on National Resources Management for sustainable Agriculture, 6-
    61. 10 February, 1990, New Delhi. pp.220.
    62. Palaniappan, SP. and Siddeswaran, K. (1999). In: Bioresources Technology for Sustainable Agriculture, Kannaiyan, S.
    63. (Ed.). Associated publishing compa-ny, New Delhi, pp.41-55.
    64. Panday, P.C. et al. (1995). IRRN. 20:1-22.
    65. Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. (1999). IRRN. 24(2): 6-11.
    66. Peng, S. et al. (1996). Fertil. Res., 45: 123-124.
    67. Rajan, M.S. and Mahapatra, I.C. (1980). Indian J. Agron., 25(3): 323-328.
    68. Rajendran, P et al. (1999). IRRN. 23(3): 31.
    69. Ramasamy, S. et al. (1994). Madras Agric. J., 81(3): 154.
    70. Rangarajan, S. and Veerabadran, V. (1993). Technical Bulle-tin, Killikulam, TNAU, India.
    71. Reddy, T.M.M et al. (1987). J. Res. Andhra Pradesh Agric. Univ., 15: 56-58.
    72. Vol. 29, No. 3, 2008 213
    73. Sanyasiraju, N. (1952). Madras Agric. J., 39: 130-147.
    74. Sattar, M. (1992). Ph.D. Thesis. Central Luzon State Univ., Philippines.
    75. Schnier, H.I. et al. (1990). Agron. J., 82: 431-459.
    76. Sharma, A.R. and Das, K.C. (1994). J. Agric. Sci., 122(3): 359-364.
    77. Singh, K.N. and Bhattacharyya, H.C. (1988). In: Indian Soc. Agron., January 7-10, Bangalore.
    78. Singh, K.N. et al. (1987). In: Indian Soc. Agron., Feb. 21-23, New Delhi. 1987.
    79. Singh, N.T. (1984). In: Organic Matter and Rice, Int. Rice Res. Inst., Los Banos, Philippines. pp.217-228.
    80. Somasundaram, E. (1991). M.Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore.
    81. Thakur, R.B. (1993). Indian J. Agron., 38(4): 547-550.
    82. Thamizhvendan, R. and Rajeshwari, C. (1999). Crop Res., 18(2): 307-310.
    83. Wahab, K. (1994). Madras Agric. J., 81: 58.
    84. Wang, H.Y. and Sun, T.S. (1990). Acta Agricultural Universities Jiangxiensis. 12: 34-39.
    85. Watanabe, I. and Liu, C.C. (1992). Plant and Soil, 141: 57-67.
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      volume 29 issue 3 (september 2008) : 207 - 213

      INTERCROPPING GREEN MANURE IN WET SEEDED RICE- A REVIEW

      C
      C. Vennila
      C
      C. Jayanthi
      K
      K. Nalini
      1Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore - 641 003

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Vennila C., Jayanthi C., Nalini K. (2025). INTERCROPPING GREEN MANURE IN WET SEEDED RICE- A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(3): 207 - 213. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Non availability of labour in time, higher wages and their lower efficiency are often quoted as constraints in transplanting with manual labour leading to delay in planting and resultant sub optimal population which ultimately lowers the yield of rice crop. The practice of transplanting is being increasingly replaced by direct seeding as labour becomes scarce and cost prohibitive. Constant decline in rice yield and consequent reduction in profit is experienced in irrigated lowlands of Asia because more than 21 per cent of total cost of production is accounted for transplanting alone. Therefore, adoption of alternative rice culture, which requires less input and possible increase in yield, is highly desirable. One such alternative is wet seeded rice. Moreover, dual cropping of green manures in lowland rice combined with intercultivation, suppressed the weeds effectively increases the fertility status of the soil by legume effect thereby increases crop yield.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Abrol, I.P. and Palaniappan, SP. (1988). In: Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture, Int. Rice Res.
        2. Inst., Philippines, 25-29 May, 1987, pp.71-82.
        3. Agarwal, P.K. et al. (1992). Agron. J., 84: 71-78.
        4. Ali, M. and Narsico, J.H. (1993). In: IRRI Social Science Division Paper Series, IRRI, Los Banos, Philippines.
        5. Angadi, V.V. (1997). IRRN. 22(1): 47-48.
        6. Annadurai, K. and Palaniappan, SP. (1999). In: Vistas of Rice Research (Platinum Jubilee 1922-1997) of Tamil Nadu
        7. Rice Research Institute, Aduthurai, pp.305-309.
        8. Arunin, S.C. et al. (1988). In: Green Manure in Rice Farming: Proceedings of the Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture,
        9. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Las Banos, Philippines, 25-29 May, 1987. pp.83-95.
        10. Bana, O.P.S. and Pant, A.K. (2000). Indian Farmers Digest. 33(2): 19-20.
        11. Bhuiyan, N. et al. (1988). In: Dhaincha Green Manure: A Potential Nitrogen Source for Rainfed Lowland Rice-Workshop,
        12. IRRI. pp.108.
        13. Bhuiyan, S.I. et al. (1995). Irrig. Sci., 16: 1-8.
        14. Budhar, M.N. et al. (1990). Oryza. 27: 208-209.
        15. 212 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
        16. Budhar, M.N. et al. (1991). Indian J. Agron., 36(2): 251-252.
        17. Casico, W.C. (1990). In: Food and Fertilizer Technology Centre for the Asian and Pacific Region, Taiwan, Republic of
        18. China. Extension Bulle-tin No.314. pp.14.
        19. Channabasavanna, A.S. and Setty, R.A. (1992). Indian J. Agron., 37: 803-804.
        20. De Datta, S.K. (1986). Exp. Agri., 22: 417-426.
        21. De Datta, S.K. and Bernasar, P.C. (1971). Weed Res., 11: 41-48.
        22. De Datta, S.K. and Flinn, J.C. (1986). In: Weeds and the Environment in the Tropics, Proceedings for the 10th Conference
        23. of Asian - Pacific Weed Science Society (Ed.) Nota. K. and Mercando Chiang Mai, B.C. Thailand. pp.51-74.
        24. De Datta, S.K. et al. (1989). In: ASA Abstract, 1989 Annual Meeting. American Society of Agronomy, Las Vegas,
        25. Navada. pp.236.
        26. De Datta, S.R. (1981). In: Principles and Practices of Rice Production. John wiley and sors. New York, pp. 618.
        27. Diekmann, K.H. (1990). Ph.D. Thesis, Justus-Lubig University, Giessen, Germany.
        28. Dingkuhn, M. et al. (1990). Crop Sic., 30: 1284-1292.
        29. Erguiza, A. et al. (1990). IRRI Res. Pap. Ser., 139. pp10.
        30. FAO. (1977). In: Report on FAO/UNDP tour to the Republic China, 28 April - 24 May, 1977. FAO Soils Bulletin.
        31. Gosh, M. and Sharma, K.C. (1996). Crop Res., 11(2): 133-136.
        32. Greenland, D.J. et al. (1979). J. Soil Sci., 26: 291-294.
        33. Hemalatha, M. et al. (2000). Indian J. Agron., 45(3): 564-567.
        34. Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR). (1980). Handbook of Agriculture. Indian council of Agricultural Research,
        35. New Delhi (Revised Edition), pp. 760-790.
        36. IRRI. (1985). Annual report for 1984. Manila, Philippines.
        37. IRRI. (1988). Annual report for 1987. Manila, Philippines.
        38. IRRI. (1995). Annual report for 1994. Manila, Philippines.
        39. Jayapal, P. et al. (1995). IRRN. 29(4): 17.
        40. Jha, K.P. et al. (1989). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 59: 207-210.
        41. Jiao, B. (1983). Soil Sci. 135: 65-69.
        42. Joseph. (1998). M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore.
        43. Kabaki, N. and Kon, T. (1991). Bulletin of Hokuriku National Agric. Expt. Station. 33:55-81.
        44. Kakde, J.R. (1965). Indian J. Agron., 10: 443-446.
        45. Kalidurai, M. (1998). Ann. Agric. Res., 19(4): 365-369.
        46. Khan, M.A.K. (1990). M.Sc. Thesis, Central Luzon State University, Philippines.
        47. Khind, C.S. et al. (1987). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 35: 43-45.
        48. Khuntia, B. et al. (1989). The Orissa J. Agric. Res., 2: 129-130.
        49. Ladha, J.K. et al. (1988). In: Proceedings of Symposium on Sustainable Agriculture: Green manure in rice farming, 25-
        50. 29, May 1987. Int. Rice Res. Inst., Philippines. pp.165-183.
        51. Lantican, M.A. et al. (1999). Expl. Agric., 35: 127-140.
        52. Lauren, J.G. et al. (1996). Soil Sci. Soc. America J., 60: 183-192.
        53. Medhi, D.N. (1996). IRRN. 21(2-3): 71.
        54. Moody, K. and Cordova, V.G. (1985). In: Women in Rice Farming. IRRI, Manila, Phillipines. pp. 467-478.
        55. Nabheerong, N. (1995). In: Constraints, Opportunities and Innovations for Wet Seeded Rice Proceedings, Moody, K.
        56. (Ed.) Los Banos, Laguna, IRRI. pp.107-117.
        57. Obcemea, W.N. et al. (1990). J. Crop Sci., 15: 99-105.
        58. Okazaki, K. et al. (1990). Bulletin of the Shikoku National Agric. Exptl. Station. 536: 79-86.
        59. Pal, S.K. et al. (1999). J. Res., (BAU) 11(1): 19-22.
        60. Palaniappan, S.P. et al. (1990). In: Int. Symposium on National Resources Management for sustainable Agriculture, 6-
        61. 10 February, 1990, New Delhi. pp.220.
        62. Palaniappan, SP. and Siddeswaran, K. (1999). In: Bioresources Technology for Sustainable Agriculture, Kannaiyan, S.
        63. (Ed.). Associated publishing compa-ny, New Delhi, pp.41-55.
        64. Panday, P.C. et al. (1995). IRRN. 20:1-22.
        65. Pandey, S. and Velasco, L. (1999). IRRN. 24(2): 6-11.
        66. Peng, S. et al. (1996). Fertil. Res., 45: 123-124.
        67. Rajan, M.S. and Mahapatra, I.C. (1980). Indian J. Agron., 25(3): 323-328.
        68. Rajendran, P et al. (1999). IRRN. 23(3): 31.
        69. Ramasamy, S. et al. (1994). Madras Agric. J., 81(3): 154.
        70. Rangarajan, S. and Veerabadran, V. (1993). Technical Bulle-tin, Killikulam, TNAU, India.
        71. Reddy, T.M.M et al. (1987). J. Res. Andhra Pradesh Agric. Univ., 15: 56-58.
        72. Vol. 29, No. 3, 2008 213
        73. Sanyasiraju, N. (1952). Madras Agric. J., 39: 130-147.
        74. Sattar, M. (1992). Ph.D. Thesis. Central Luzon State Univ., Philippines.
        75. Schnier, H.I. et al. (1990). Agron. J., 82: 431-459.
        76. Sharma, A.R. and Das, K.C. (1994). J. Agric. Sci., 122(3): 359-364.
        77. Singh, K.N. and Bhattacharyya, H.C. (1988). In: Indian Soc. Agron., January 7-10, Bangalore.
        78. Singh, K.N. et al. (1987). In: Indian Soc. Agron., Feb. 21-23, New Delhi. 1987.
        79. Singh, N.T. (1984). In: Organic Matter and Rice, Int. Rice Res. Inst., Los Banos, Philippines. pp.217-228.
        80. Somasundaram, E. (1991). M.Sc.(Ag.) Thesis, Tamil Nadu Agric. Univ., Coimbatore.
        81. Thakur, R.B. (1993). Indian J. Agron., 38(4): 547-550.
        82. Thamizhvendan, R. and Rajeshwari, C. (1999). Crop Res., 18(2): 307-310.
        83. Wahab, K. (1994). Madras Agric. J., 81: 58.
        84. Wang, H.Y. and Sun, T.S. (1990). Acta Agricultural Universities Jiangxiensis. 12: 34-39.
        85. Watanabe, I. and Liu, C.C. (1992). Plant and Soil, 141: 57-67.
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