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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 29 issue 3 (september 2008) : 200 - 206

RHIZOBIA, NOD FACTORS AND NODULATION– A REVIEW

D
Devvrat Kamboj
R
Rakesh Kumar
A
Anju Kumari
B
B.S. Kundu
D
Dharmvir Pathak
P
Parveen Kumar Sharma
1Department of Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar -125 004, India

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Kamboj Devvrat, Kumar Rakesh, Kumari Anju, Kundu B.S., Pathak Dharmvir, Sharma Kumar Parveen (2025). RHIZOBIA, NOD FACTORS AND NODULATION– A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(3): 200 - 206. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Soil bacteria, referred as rhizobia have unique ability to form nodules on the roots and stems of leguminous plants. This endosymbiotic relationship between rhizobia and their corresponding hosts lead to morphogenesis of specialized structures, nodules, where atmospheric nitrogen is reduced to ammonia and assimilated by the host plant. The process of nodulation is regulated by the exchange of molecular signals between the two partners. The nodulation process is host specific and specific rhizobia can form nodules on specific hosts. Rhizobia carry host specific nodulation genes. These genes are induced by regulatory genes activated by flavonoids present in the root exudates. The product of nodulation genes are involved in the synthesis of Nod factors which are involved in the morphogenesis of nodules. The present review summarizes the structure and function of Nod factors, the gene and gene products involved in their synthesis and their host specificity.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Denarie, J., et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 503-535.
    2. Firmin, J.L, et al. (1986) Nature 324: 90-92.
    3. Gage, D.J. (2004) Microbiol. Mol. Biol.Rev. 9: 145-154.
    4. Geurts, R and Bisseling, R. (2002) Plant Cell, Supplement, S239-S249.
    5. Haeze, W.D. and Holsters, M. (2002) Glycobiol.12 :79-105.
    6. Lerouge, P., et al. (1990). Nature 344:781–784.
    7. Long, S.R. (1996) Plant Cell 8: 1885-1898.
    8. Mathis, R., et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 2655-2660.
    9. Perret, X., et al. (2000) Microbiol. Mol. Biol.Rev. 64: 180-201.
    10. Sessitsch, A., et al. (2002) Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 21 :323-378.
    11. Spaink, H.P. (2000) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 8: 155-164.
    12. Sprent, J.I. and Paarson, R. (2000) Field Crop Res. 65 :183-196.
    13. Staehelin, C. et al. (1994) Plant J. 5: 319-330.
    14. Sy, A. et al. (2001) J. Bacteriol. 183 :214-220.
    15. Young et al. (2001) Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51 : 89-103.
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      volume 29 issue 3 (september 2008) : 200 - 206

      RHIZOBIA, NOD FACTORS AND NODULATION– A REVIEW

      D
      Devvrat Kamboj
      R
      Rakesh Kumar
      A
      Anju Kumari
      B
      B.S. Kundu
      D
      Dharmvir Pathak
      P
      Parveen Kumar Sharma
      1Department of Microbiology CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar -125 004, India

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Kamboj Devvrat, Kumar Rakesh, Kumari Anju, Kundu B.S., Pathak Dharmvir, Sharma Kumar Parveen (2025). RHIZOBIA, NOD FACTORS AND NODULATION– A REVIEW. Agricultural Reviews. 29(3): 200 - 206. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Soil bacteria, referred as rhizobia have unique ability to form nodules on the roots and stems of leguminous plants. This endosymbiotic relationship between rhizobia and their corresponding hosts lead to morphogenesis of specialized structures, nodules, where atmospheric nitrogen is reduced to ammonia and assimilated by the host plant. The process of nodulation is regulated by the exchange of molecular signals between the two partners. The nodulation process is host specific and specific rhizobia can form nodules on specific hosts. Rhizobia carry host specific nodulation genes. These genes are induced by regulatory genes activated by flavonoids present in the root exudates. The product of nodulation genes are involved in the synthesis of Nod factors which are involved in the morphogenesis of nodules. The present review summarizes the structure and function of Nod factors, the gene and gene products involved in their synthesis and their host specificity.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Denarie, J., et al. (1996) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65: 503-535.
        2. Firmin, J.L, et al. (1986) Nature 324: 90-92.
        3. Gage, D.J. (2004) Microbiol. Mol. Biol.Rev. 9: 145-154.
        4. Geurts, R and Bisseling, R. (2002) Plant Cell, Supplement, S239-S249.
        5. Haeze, W.D. and Holsters, M. (2002) Glycobiol.12 :79-105.
        6. Lerouge, P., et al. (1990). Nature 344:781–784.
        7. Long, S.R. (1996) Plant Cell 8: 1885-1898.
        8. Mathis, R., et al. (2005) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102: 2655-2660.
        9. Perret, X., et al. (2000) Microbiol. Mol. Biol.Rev. 64: 180-201.
        10. Sessitsch, A., et al. (2002) Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 21 :323-378.
        11. Spaink, H.P. (2000) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 8: 155-164.
        12. Sprent, J.I. and Paarson, R. (2000) Field Crop Res. 65 :183-196.
        13. Staehelin, C. et al. (1994) Plant J. 5: 319-330.
        14. Sy, A. et al. (2001) J. Bacteriol. 183 :214-220.
        15. Young et al. (2001) Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 51 : 89-103.
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