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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 29 issue 2 (june 2008) : 99 - 107

SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND CITRUS : EMERGING FACTS

P
Pauline Alila
A
A.K.Srivastava*
1School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Nagaland University, Medziphema, 797 106, Nagaland

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Alila Pauline, A.K.Srivastava* (2025). SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND CITRUS : EMERGING FACTS. Agricultural Reviews. 29(2): 99 - 107. doi: .

ABSTRACT

Nutrient conservation by various means has been acquiring the status of core agenda in nutrition programme of citrus. Researches accrued worldwide in both pre-bearing and bearing orchards showed no unanimity in response over space and time. The results are, however, more encouraging in pre-bearing than bearing orchards. Many experimental evidences have strongly supported the reduced application frequency of fertilizers compared to conventional uncoated fertilizers. The slow release concept can very well be extended to nutrients other than N, e.g. phosphogypsum coated urea, micronutrients like frits, metal ammonium phosphate etc. with additional advantage of natural coating and chelating materials. Different longevity ratings of slow release fertilizers could well be synchronized with nutrient demand at various growth stages with nutrient release pattern, with uniform efficiency on both coarse as well as fine textured soils.

KEYWORDS

    REFERENCES

    1. Allen, S. E. and Mays, D. A. (1971). J. Agr. Food Chem., 19:809-812.
    2. Allen, S. E. et. al. (1968). Crops & Soils, 21(3):13-15.
    3. 106 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
    4. Alva, A.K. (1992). Environ. Manage 16:769-776.
    5. Alva, A.K. and Paramasivam,S. (1998). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62:2335-1342.
    6. Alva, A.K. and Tucker, D.P.H. (1993). Proc.12th Int. Pl. Nutri. Colloq. (N.J. Barrow. ed.) pp. 599-602, Perth, Australia.
    7. Alva, A.K. and Tucker, D.P.H. (1994). Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 106:4-8
    8. Anonymous (1974). Sulphur Inst. J., 10(3/4):2-7.
    9. Ayyer, Jayalakshymy (1992). Fert. News, 37(5) : 15 - 17.
    10. Boman, B.J. (1994). Proc. Fla. State Hort.Soc.106:1-4.
    11. Bunt, A.C. (1988). Meida and mixes for container grown plants. UInwin Hyman, London
    12. Cabrera, R.I. (1997). HortScience, 32(4):669-673.
    13. Cardarelli, N. F. (1976). New concepts in the application of controlled release systems to agriculture. P. 208-214. (D. R.
    14. Paul and F. W. Harris, eds.) Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. p. 33.
    15. Chhonkar, P. and Mishra, K.C. (1978). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 26:90-92.
    16. Clark, K. G. et al. (1994). Indian Eng. Chem., 40 : 1178.
    17. Cox, P.A. (1993). J. Pl. Nutri 16:533-545.
    18. Dasberg, S., Erner, J. and Bielorai. H. (1984). J. Environ . Qual., 13:353-356.
    19. Davies, L. H. (1976). Fertilizer Soc. (London) 153:1-64.
    20. Davies, F.S. (1988). Proc. Interamerican Soc. Trop. Hort. Vol. 32, pp.45-50.
    21. Dou, H. and Alva, A. K. (1998). Biol. Ferti. Soils, 6(3):169-172.
    22. Fairchild, G.F. and Brown, M.G. (1986). Proc. Fla. Hort. Soc., 99: 78-81.
    23. Ferguson, J.J.,Davies, F.S., Mathwes,C.H. and Davis, R.M. (1988). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 101: 17-20.
    24. Friedman, S.P. and Mualem, Y. (1994) .Fert. Res., 39:19-30.
    25. Fucik, J.E. (1974). J. Rio Grande Valley Hort. Soc., 28: 143-148.
    26. Glasscock, J., et. al. (1995). J.Pl.Nutri 18(1):105-116.
    27. Goertz, H.M. (1993). Controlled release technology. Kirk-Othmer Enclopeida of Chemical Technology. Vol. 7. 4th ed.
    28. Wiley, New York, USA.
    29. Hassan, Z.A. et al. (1992). Fert. Res., 31:185-192.
    30. Hauck, R. D. (1972). Synthetic slow release fertilizer and fertilizer amendments. (C. A. I. Goring and J. W. Hamaker,
    31. eds.) Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 633-690.
    32. Hauck, R. D. and Koshino, M. (1971). Slow release and amended fertilizers. P. 455-495. (R. A. Olson, T. J. Army, J. J.
    33. Hanway, and V. J. Kilmer, eds.) Fertilizer Technology and Use Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Madison, Wisc.
    34. Hays,J.T. (1971). J. Agr. Food Chem., 19:797.
    35. Hirobe, M. and Oogaki, C. (1969). Bull. 17, pp.18-26, Kanagawa Hort. Exp. Sta., Japan.
    36. Jackson,L.K. and Davis, F.P. (1984). Fruit Crops Fact Sheet 13. Univ. Florida, Inst. Food Agr. Sci., USA.
    37. Kato, T. et al. (1981). J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50(4):421-426.
    38. Khalaf, H.A. (1980). M.S.A. Thesis, Fruit Crops Dept., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, USA.
    39. Khalaf, H.A. and Koo, R.C.J. (1983). Citrus Veg. Mag. 46(9): 10, 32.
    40. Kochba, M. et.al. (1990). Soil Sci. 149:339-343
    41. Koo, R.C.J. (1983). Citrus. Fla. Fert. Lime. Conf. Vol.13, pp. 34-38.
    42. Koo, R.C.J. (1986). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 99: 46-48.
    43. Koo, R.C.J. et al. (1984). Bull. 536D, pp. 30, Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn., USA.
    44. Lamount, G.P. et.al. (1987). Sci.Hort .32:265-273.
    45. Lunt, O. R. (1967). Sulphur Inst. J. 3(2):5-8.
    46. Lunt, O. R. (1971). J. Agr. Food Chem. 19:797-800.
    47. Marler, T.E. et al. (1987). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100: 61-64.
    48. Maynard, D.N. and Lorenz, O.A. (1980). Hort.Rev. 1:79-140.
    49. McClellan, G. H. and Scheib, R. M. (1973). Sulphur Inst. J. 9(3/4):8-12.
    50. Mishra, N.P. and Khan, J.A. (1985). Fert.News. 30(9):55-56.
    51. Mishra, M.M. Neekantan, S., Khandalwal, K.C., Bharadwaj, S.K. and Vyas S.K. (1975). Soil Boil., Biochem. 7:183-184.
    52. Nakama, K. (1967). Spec. Bull. 1, pp.1-46, Shizuoka Citrus Exp. Sta., Japan.
    53. Novillo, O.J., et al., (2001).. J.Agric. Food Chem. 49(3):1298-1303.
    54. Obreza, T.A. (1990). Proc. Fla.State Hort. Soc. 103:12-16.
    55. Obreza, T.A. and Rouse, R.E (1991).. Soil Crop. Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 51:64-68.
    56. Oertli,J.J. (1980). Fert. Res.1:103-123.
    57. Okada, N. et al. (1992). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture Vol. 2, pp. 575-579.
    58. Paramasivam, S. and Alva, A.K. (1997). Soil Sci. 162:447-453.
    59. Patel, A. J. and Sharma, G. C. (1977). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:364-367.
    60. Vol. 29, No. 2, 2008 107
    61. Patel, P.V., et al.. (1995). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.43(1):127-129.
    62. Porter, J. B. (1971). Crops & Soils 24(2):12-13.
    63. Powell, R. (1968). Controlled release fertilizers. Noyes Develop. Crop. Park Ridge, New Jersy, USA.
    64. Prasad, R., et al., (1971). Adv. Agro. Vol. 23 pp. 337 - 383 (N.C. Brady, ed.) Academic Press, N.Y., USA.
    65. Rajendra Prasad, et al. (1971). Adv. Agron. 23:337-383.
    66. Reese, R.L. and Koo, R.C.J. (1975). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100: 425-428.
    67. Rouse, R.E., et al, (2000) Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112:46-50.
    68. Rutten,I.T. (1980). Acta. Hort. 99:187-188.
    69. Sannigrahi, A.K. (1996). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 44(3): 518-520.
    70. Scheib, R. M. and McClellan, G. H. (1976). Sulfur Inst. J. 12(1):2-5.
    71. Serna, M.D. et al. (2000). Biol. Fert. Soils. 32(1):41-46.
    72. Sharma, G.C. (1979). Sci.Hort.11:107-129.
    73. Sharma, Manoj Kumar et al. (1994). Haryana Agric. Univ. J. Department of Soil Science, CCS, Haryana Agri.
    74. University, Hissar, Haryana. 125004
    75. Shiviv, A., and Mikkelsen, R.R. (1993). Fert. Res.55:1-12.
    76. Singh, M. and Singh, T.A. (1984). Bull 13, pp. 213-271. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., New Delhi
    77. Singh, M. and Singh, T.A. (1986). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 34:766-773.
    78. Slack,A.V.(1968). Slow release nitrogen, p. 151-169. Fertilizer developments and trends. Noyes Development Corp.,
    79. Park Ridge, N. J.
    80. Suri, I.K. (1995). Coating of urea with neem. Fert. News. 40(8):55-59.
    81. Suri, L.K., et al. (1988). Vikash Sci. J. 2:97-102.
    82. Suri, L.K., et.al. (2000). Fert News. 45(12):71-72.
    83. Subbiah, S. and Kothandaraman, G.V. (1980). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 28:136-137.
    84. Tavdgiridze, G.N. (1979). Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 2:86-91.
    85. Tavdgiridze, G.N. (1989). Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 1: 87-89.
    86. Tavdgiridze, G.N. (1991). Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 3: 57-59.
    87. Tiwari. K.N. (1989). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 37:830-831.
    88. Verma, Piyush and Dashora, L.K. (2000). Pl. Food Human Nutri 55(4):279-284.
    89. Wang, F.L. and Alva, A.K. (1996). Soil Sci.Soc. Am.J.60:1454-1438
    90. Yuda, E., et.al., (1987). J. Pl. Nutri. 10(9/16): 1471-1478.
    91. Zekri, M. and Koo, R.C.J. (1991). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116(6): 987-990.
    92. Zekri, Mongi and Koo, R.C.J. (1992). Sci. Hort. 49: 233-241.
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      volume 29 issue 2 (june 2008) : 99 - 107

      SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND CITRUS : EMERGING FACTS

      P
      Pauline Alila
      A
      A.K.Srivastava*
      1School of Agricultural Sciences and Rural Development Nagaland University, Medziphema, 797 106, Nagaland

      • Submitted|

      • First Online |

      • doi

      Cite article:- Alila Pauline, A.K.Srivastava* (2025). SLOW RELEASE FERTILIZERS AND CITRUS : EMERGING FACTS. Agricultural Reviews. 29(2): 99 - 107. doi: .

      ABSTRACT

      Nutrient conservation by various means has been acquiring the status of core agenda in nutrition programme of citrus. Researches accrued worldwide in both pre-bearing and bearing orchards showed no unanimity in response over space and time. The results are, however, more encouraging in pre-bearing than bearing orchards. Many experimental evidences have strongly supported the reduced application frequency of fertilizers compared to conventional uncoated fertilizers. The slow release concept can very well be extended to nutrients other than N, e.g. phosphogypsum coated urea, micronutrients like frits, metal ammonium phosphate etc. with additional advantage of natural coating and chelating materials. Different longevity ratings of slow release fertilizers could well be synchronized with nutrient demand at various growth stages with nutrient release pattern, with uniform efficiency on both coarse as well as fine textured soils.

      KEYWORDS

        REFERENCES

        1. Allen, S. E. and Mays, D. A. (1971). J. Agr. Food Chem., 19:809-812.
        2. Allen, S. E. et. al. (1968). Crops & Soils, 21(3):13-15.
        3. 106 AGRICUTURAL REVIEWS
        4. Alva, A.K. (1992). Environ. Manage 16:769-776.
        5. Alva, A.K. and Paramasivam,S. (1998). Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 62:2335-1342.
        6. Alva, A.K. and Tucker, D.P.H. (1993). Proc.12th Int. Pl. Nutri. Colloq. (N.J. Barrow. ed.) pp. 599-602, Perth, Australia.
        7. Alva, A.K. and Tucker, D.P.H. (1994). Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 106:4-8
        8. Anonymous (1974). Sulphur Inst. J., 10(3/4):2-7.
        9. Ayyer, Jayalakshymy (1992). Fert. News, 37(5) : 15 - 17.
        10. Boman, B.J. (1994). Proc. Fla. State Hort.Soc.106:1-4.
        11. Bunt, A.C. (1988). Meida and mixes for container grown plants. UInwin Hyman, London
        12. Cabrera, R.I. (1997). HortScience, 32(4):669-673.
        13. Cardarelli, N. F. (1976). New concepts in the application of controlled release systems to agriculture. P. 208-214. (D. R.
        14. Paul and F. W. Harris, eds.) Controlled Release Polymeric Formulations. Am. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser. p. 33.
        15. Chhonkar, P. and Mishra, K.C. (1978). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., 26:90-92.
        16. Clark, K. G. et al. (1994). Indian Eng. Chem., 40 : 1178.
        17. Cox, P.A. (1993). J. Pl. Nutri 16:533-545.
        18. Dasberg, S., Erner, J. and Bielorai. H. (1984). J. Environ . Qual., 13:353-356.
        19. Davies, L. H. (1976). Fertilizer Soc. (London) 153:1-64.
        20. Davies, F.S. (1988). Proc. Interamerican Soc. Trop. Hort. Vol. 32, pp.45-50.
        21. Dou, H. and Alva, A. K. (1998). Biol. Ferti. Soils, 6(3):169-172.
        22. Fairchild, G.F. and Brown, M.G. (1986). Proc. Fla. Hort. Soc., 99: 78-81.
        23. Ferguson, J.J.,Davies, F.S., Mathwes,C.H. and Davis, R.M. (1988). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 101: 17-20.
        24. Friedman, S.P. and Mualem, Y. (1994) .Fert. Res., 39:19-30.
        25. Fucik, J.E. (1974). J. Rio Grande Valley Hort. Soc., 28: 143-148.
        26. Glasscock, J., et. al. (1995). J.Pl.Nutri 18(1):105-116.
        27. Goertz, H.M. (1993). Controlled release technology. Kirk-Othmer Enclopeida of Chemical Technology. Vol. 7. 4th ed.
        28. Wiley, New York, USA.
        29. Hassan, Z.A. et al. (1992). Fert. Res., 31:185-192.
        30. Hauck, R. D. (1972). Synthetic slow release fertilizer and fertilizer amendments. (C. A. I. Goring and J. W. Hamaker,
        31. eds.) Organic Chemicals in the Soil Environment. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 633-690.
        32. Hauck, R. D. and Koshino, M. (1971). Slow release and amended fertilizers. P. 455-495. (R. A. Olson, T. J. Army, J. J.
        33. Hanway, and V. J. Kilmer, eds.) Fertilizer Technology and Use Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Madison, Wisc.
        34. Hays,J.T. (1971). J. Agr. Food Chem., 19:797.
        35. Hirobe, M. and Oogaki, C. (1969). Bull. 17, pp.18-26, Kanagawa Hort. Exp. Sta., Japan.
        36. Jackson,L.K. and Davis, F.P. (1984). Fruit Crops Fact Sheet 13. Univ. Florida, Inst. Food Agr. Sci., USA.
        37. Kato, T. et al. (1981). J. Jap. Soc. Hort. Sci. 50(4):421-426.
        38. Khalaf, H.A. (1980). M.S.A. Thesis, Fruit Crops Dept., Univ. Florida, Gainesville, USA.
        39. Khalaf, H.A. and Koo, R.C.J. (1983). Citrus Veg. Mag. 46(9): 10, 32.
        40. Kochba, M. et.al. (1990). Soil Sci. 149:339-343
        41. Koo, R.C.J. (1983). Citrus. Fla. Fert. Lime. Conf. Vol.13, pp. 34-38.
        42. Koo, R.C.J. (1986). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 99: 46-48.
        43. Koo, R.C.J. et al. (1984). Bull. 536D, pp. 30, Fla. Agric. Exp. Stn., USA.
        44. Lamount, G.P. et.al. (1987). Sci.Hort .32:265-273.
        45. Lunt, O. R. (1967). Sulphur Inst. J. 3(2):5-8.
        46. Lunt, O. R. (1971). J. Agr. Food Chem. 19:797-800.
        47. Marler, T.E. et al. (1987). Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 100: 61-64.
        48. Maynard, D.N. and Lorenz, O.A. (1980). Hort.Rev. 1:79-140.
        49. McClellan, G. H. and Scheib, R. M. (1973). Sulphur Inst. J. 9(3/4):8-12.
        50. Mishra, N.P. and Khan, J.A. (1985). Fert.News. 30(9):55-56.
        51. Mishra, M.M. Neekantan, S., Khandalwal, K.C., Bharadwaj, S.K. and Vyas S.K. (1975). Soil Boil., Biochem. 7:183-184.
        52. Nakama, K. (1967). Spec. Bull. 1, pp.1-46, Shizuoka Citrus Exp. Sta., Japan.
        53. Novillo, O.J., et al., (2001).. J.Agric. Food Chem. 49(3):1298-1303.
        54. Obreza, T.A. (1990). Proc. Fla.State Hort. Soc. 103:12-16.
        55. Obreza, T.A. and Rouse, R.E (1991).. Soil Crop. Sci. Soc. Fla. Proc. 51:64-68.
        56. Oertli,J.J. (1980). Fert. Res.1:103-123.
        57. Okada, N. et al. (1992). Proc. Int. Soc. Citriculture Vol. 2, pp. 575-579.
        58. Paramasivam, S. and Alva, A.K. (1997). Soil Sci. 162:447-453.
        59. Patel, A. J. and Sharma, G. C. (1977). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102:364-367.
        60. Vol. 29, No. 2, 2008 107
        61. Patel, P.V., et al.. (1995). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci.43(1):127-129.
        62. Porter, J. B. (1971). Crops & Soils 24(2):12-13.
        63. Powell, R. (1968). Controlled release fertilizers. Noyes Develop. Crop. Park Ridge, New Jersy, USA.
        64. Prasad, R., et al., (1971). Adv. Agro. Vol. 23 pp. 337 - 383 (N.C. Brady, ed.) Academic Press, N.Y., USA.
        65. Rajendra Prasad, et al. (1971). Adv. Agron. 23:337-383.
        66. Reese, R.L. and Koo, R.C.J. (1975). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 100: 425-428.
        67. Rouse, R.E., et al, (2000) Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 112:46-50.
        68. Rutten,I.T. (1980). Acta. Hort. 99:187-188.
        69. Sannigrahi, A.K. (1996). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 44(3): 518-520.
        70. Scheib, R. M. and McClellan, G. H. (1976). Sulfur Inst. J. 12(1):2-5.
        71. Serna, M.D. et al. (2000). Biol. Fert. Soils. 32(1):41-46.
        72. Sharma, G.C. (1979). Sci.Hort.11:107-129.
        73. Sharma, Manoj Kumar et al. (1994). Haryana Agric. Univ. J. Department of Soil Science, CCS, Haryana Agri.
        74. University, Hissar, Haryana. 125004
        75. Shiviv, A., and Mikkelsen, R.R. (1993). Fert. Res.55:1-12.
        76. Singh, M. and Singh, T.A. (1984). Bull 13, pp. 213-271. Indian Soc. Soil Sci., New Delhi
        77. Singh, M. and Singh, T.A. (1986). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 34:766-773.
        78. Slack,A.V.(1968). Slow release nitrogen, p. 151-169. Fertilizer developments and trends. Noyes Development Corp.,
        79. Park Ridge, N. J.
        80. Suri, I.K. (1995). Coating of urea with neem. Fert. News. 40(8):55-59.
        81. Suri, L.K., et al. (1988). Vikash Sci. J. 2:97-102.
        82. Suri, L.K., et.al. (2000). Fert News. 45(12):71-72.
        83. Subbiah, S. and Kothandaraman, G.V. (1980). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 28:136-137.
        84. Tavdgiridze, G.N. (1979). Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 2:86-91.
        85. Tavdgiridze, G.N. (1989). Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 1: 87-89.
        86. Tavdgiridze, G.N. (1991). Subtropicheskie Kul’tury 3: 57-59.
        87. Tiwari. K.N. (1989). J. Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 37:830-831.
        88. Verma, Piyush and Dashora, L.K. (2000). Pl. Food Human Nutri 55(4):279-284.
        89. Wang, F.L. and Alva, A.K. (1996). Soil Sci.Soc. Am.J.60:1454-1438
        90. Yuda, E., et.al., (1987). J. Pl. Nutri. 10(9/16): 1471-1478.
        91. Zekri, M. and Koo, R.C.J. (1991). J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci. 116(6): 987-990.
        92. Zekri, Mongi and Koo, R.C.J. (1992). Sci. Hort. 49: 233-241.
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