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Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive
Current IssueEditorial BoardOnline First ArticlesArchive

volume 30 issue 4 (december 2009) :

ENGINEERING TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS

D
D S Gill
T
Tilak Raj
1Department Botany Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 (Punjab) India.

  • Submitted|

  • First Online |

  • doi

Cite article:- Gill S D, Raj Tilak (2025). ENGINEERING TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS. Agricultural Reviews. 30(4): . doi: .

ABSTRACT

Temperature stress due to high temperature is a major problem in agriculture in many areas.
Continuously increasing temperature cause an disorder of physiological and biochemical changes in
crop plants, which affects many growth process i.e. different phenological stages of the crops and
development that may lead to a sharp reduction in grain yield. The detrimental effect of temperature
stress can be mitigated by developing crop plants with thermotolerance using various approaches. For
this, purpose a complete understanding of physiological responses of crop plants to increased
temperature, and possible approaches for improving crop thermotolerance is important. Temperature
stress affects plants development throughout its ontogeny. The threshold levels of temperature differ
considerably at different phenological stages of the crops plants that is during seed germination, the
high temperature the adversely affect photosynthesis, respiration, water relations and membrane
stability, and also changes in hormones and primary and secondary metabolites. Furthermore,
enhanced expression of various heat shock proteins other stress related proteins and production of
reactive oxygen species contribute towards major plants responses to high temperature throughout
plants ontogeny. In order to cope with thermotolerance, various mechanisms including membrane
thermal stability, production of antioxidants, accumulation and adjustment of osmolytes and calcium
dependent proteins kinase, and most importantly transcriptional activation. All these mechanism
which are regulated at the molecular level enable the plants to improve under temperature stress.
Based on thorough understanding of all these mechanisms, potential genetic approaches to improve
plant thermotolerance include molecular breeding and transgenic strategy. There are several examples
of plants with improved thermotolerance through the use of breeding programme. The genetic
transformation approach has been far restricted. This is due to incomplete knowledge and availability
of genes with known effects on thermotolerance plants. There, is an other approach by which heat
tolerance can be increased by preconditioning of plants under various environmental stress or the
osmoprotectants exogenous application that is glycinebetaine and proline. Acquired heat tolerance is
an active process by which considerable amount of plants resources are diverted to structural and
functional maintance to avoid detrimental effect caused by increased temperature. The physiological
and biochemical basis of heat tolerance in crop plants are well known, further studies on assimilate
partitioning under temperature stress and traits controlling crop thermotolerance are needed. These
studies combined with genetic strategies to identify and map genes conferring thermotolerance will
not enhance markers-assisted breeding forthermotolerance but also provided the way for cloning and
characterization of various factors which could be advantageous for engineering crop plants with
improved thermotolerance

REFERENCES

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  3. Antikainen, M. and Grifith, M. (1997) Physiol. Plant., 97 : 423-432.
  4. Antunes, M.D.C. Sfakiotakis, E.M., (2000). Postharvest Bio. Technol., 20: 251-259.
  5. Arora: R. et al. (1997). Physiol. Plant., 101: 8-16.
  6. Arshad, M. and Frankenberger, W.T. (2002) Ethylene: Agricultural Sources and Applications.
  7. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York.
  8. Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2007) Environ. Exp. Bot., 59: 206-216.
  9. Bannu, EFEOGLU (2009). G.U. Journal of Science., 22(2): 67-75.
  10. Banowetz, G.M. et al. (1999). Ann. Bot., 83: 303-307.
  11. Barua, D. et al. (2003) Funct. Plant Biol., 30: 1071-1079.
  12. Behl, R.K. et al. (1996). Der Tropenlandwirt.,97: 131-135.
  13. Blumenthal, C. et al.(1990). Nature., 347 : 325.
  14. Bohnert, H. I. et al. (2006). Plant Biol., 9:180-188.
  15. Bowen J. et al. (2002).J. Plant Physiol., 159: 599-606.
  16. Bowers, M.C. (1994). Plant Environment Interactions. R.E. Wilkinson (eds). Marcel
  17. Dekkar: New York: pp. 31-34.
  18. Camejo, D. et al. (2005) J. Plant Physiol., 162: 281-289.
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  63. Momcilovic, I.and Ristic, Z., (2007). J. Plant Physiol., 164: 90-99.
  64. Moore, P.D. (1998). Nature., 393: 419-420.
  65. Morita, S. et al. (2004). Jpn. J. Crop. Sci., 73: 77-83.
  66. Munne-Bosch, S. et al. (2002). Physiol. Plant., 114: 380-386.
  67. Murata, N. et al.(1992). Nature., 356: 710-713.
  68. Nakamoto, H., and Hiyama, T., (1999). In: Pessarakli, M. (Ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress.
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  71. NDong, C. et al. (1997). Pl. Cell Physiol., 38: 863-870.
  72. Neta-Sharir, I. et al. (2005). Plant Cell., 17: 1829-1838.
  73. Neumann, D.M., et al. (1993). Planta ., 190: 32-43.
  74. Nilsen, E.T. and Orcutt, D.M. (1996). Abiotic Factors. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New
  75. York.
  76. 28
  77. Nishida, I. and Murata, N. (1996). A. Rev. Pl. Physiol. Pl. Mol. Biol., 47: 541-568.
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  79. Panchuk, I. I., et al. (2002). Plant Physiol., 129: 838-853.
  80. Pearce, R.S. and Ashworth, E.N. (1992). Planta., 188: 327-331.
  81. Pearcy, R.W. et al. (1977). Pl. Physiol., 59: 873-878.
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    volume 30 issue 4 (december 2009) :

    ENGINEERING TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS

    D
    D S Gill
    T
    Tilak Raj
    1Department Botany Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana 141004 (Punjab) India.

    • Submitted|

    • First Online |

    • doi

    Cite article:- Gill S D, Raj Tilak (2025). ENGINEERING TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE IN AGRICULTURAL CROPS. Agricultural Reviews. 30(4): . doi: .

    ABSTRACT

    Temperature stress due to high temperature is a major problem in agriculture in many areas.
    Continuously increasing temperature cause an disorder of physiological and biochemical changes in
    crop plants, which affects many growth process i.e. different phenological stages of the crops and
    development that may lead to a sharp reduction in grain yield. The detrimental effect of temperature
    stress can be mitigated by developing crop plants with thermotolerance using various approaches. For
    this, purpose a complete understanding of physiological responses of crop plants to increased
    temperature, and possible approaches for improving crop thermotolerance is important. Temperature
    stress affects plants development throughout its ontogeny. The threshold levels of temperature differ
    considerably at different phenological stages of the crops plants that is during seed germination, the
    high temperature the adversely affect photosynthesis, respiration, water relations and membrane
    stability, and also changes in hormones and primary and secondary metabolites. Furthermore,
    enhanced expression of various heat shock proteins other stress related proteins and production of
    reactive oxygen species contribute towards major plants responses to high temperature throughout
    plants ontogeny. In order to cope with thermotolerance, various mechanisms including membrane
    thermal stability, production of antioxidants, accumulation and adjustment of osmolytes and calcium
    dependent proteins kinase, and most importantly transcriptional activation. All these mechanism
    which are regulated at the molecular level enable the plants to improve under temperature stress.
    Based on thorough understanding of all these mechanisms, potential genetic approaches to improve
    plant thermotolerance include molecular breeding and transgenic strategy. There are several examples
    of plants with improved thermotolerance through the use of breeding programme. The genetic
    transformation approach has been far restricted. This is due to incomplete knowledge and availability
    of genes with known effects on thermotolerance plants. There, is an other approach by which heat
    tolerance can be increased by preconditioning of plants under various environmental stress or the
    osmoprotectants exogenous application that is glycinebetaine and proline. Acquired heat tolerance is
    an active process by which considerable amount of plants resources are diverted to structural and
    functional maintance to avoid detrimental effect caused by increased temperature. The physiological
    and biochemical basis of heat tolerance in crop plants are well known, further studies on assimilate
    partitioning under temperature stress and traits controlling crop thermotolerance are needed. These
    studies combined with genetic strategies to identify and map genes conferring thermotolerance will
    not enhance markers-assisted breeding forthermotolerance but also provided the way for cloning and
    characterization of various factors which could be advantageous for engineering crop plants with
    improved thermotolerance

    REFERENCES

    1. Adams. S.R. et al. ( 2001). Ann. Bot., 88: 869-877.
    2. Ahn, Y.J. and Zimmerman: J.L. (2006). Plant Cell Environ., 29: 95-104.
    3. Antikainen, M. and Grifith, M. (1997) Physiol. Plant., 97 : 423-432.
    4. Antunes, M.D.C. Sfakiotakis, E.M., (2000). Postharvest Bio. Technol., 20: 251-259.
    5. Arora: R. et al. (1997). Physiol. Plant., 101: 8-16.
    6. Arshad, M. and Frankenberger, W.T. (2002) Ethylene: Agricultural Sources and Applications.
    7. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers: New York.
    8. Ashraf, M. and Foolad, M.R. (2007) Environ. Exp. Bot., 59: 206-216.
    9. Bannu, EFEOGLU (2009). G.U. Journal of Science., 22(2): 67-75.
    10. Banowetz, G.M. et al. (1999). Ann. Bot., 83: 303-307.
    11. Barua, D. et al. (2003) Funct. Plant Biol., 30: 1071-1079.
    12. Behl, R.K. et al. (1996). Der Tropenlandwirt.,97: 131-135.
    13. Blumenthal, C. et al.(1990). Nature., 347 : 325.
    14. Bohnert, H. I. et al. (2006). Plant Biol., 9:180-188.
    15. Bowen J. et al. (2002).J. Plant Physiol., 159: 599-606.
    16. Bowers, M.C. (1994). Plant Environment Interactions. R.E. Wilkinson (eds). Marcel
    17. Dekkar: New York: pp. 31-34.
    18. Camejo, D. et al. (2005) J. Plant Physiol., 162: 281-289.
    19. Comis, D. (1992). USDA Agric. Res., 40: 14-16.
    20. De Ronde, et al. (2004). J. Plant Physiol., 61: 1211-1244.
    21. Dhaliwal, G.S. and Kler, D. (1995) Principles of Agricultural Ecology. Himalaya Publishing
    22. House: Bombay.
    23. Fenglu, Z., et al.(1997). J. China Agric. Univ., 2: 85-89.
    24. Feussner, K., et al. (1997). FEBS Lett. 409: 211-215.
    25. Fadzillah, N.M., et al.(1996). Planta., 199: 552–556.
    26. 26
    27. Graham, D. and Patterson, B.D (1982). A. Rev. Pl. Physiol., 33: 347-372.
    28. Guilioni, L. et al. (2003). Funct. Plant Biol., 30: 1151–1164.
    29. Guy, C.L. (1990). Cold acclimation and freezing stress tolerance: Role of protein
    30. metabolism. A. Rev. Pl. Physiol. Pl. Mol. Biol., 41: 187-223.
    31. Hajela, R.K.. et al. (1990). Pl. Physiol., 93: 1246-1252.
    32. Hall, A E., (2001). Crop Responses to Environment CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida.
    33. Holappa, L.D. and Walker-Simmons, M.K. (1995). Pl. Physiol., 108: 1203-1210.
    34. Howarth, C.J. (2005). Plant Resistance Through Breeding and Molecular Approaches. Howarth Press
    35. Inc., New York.
    36. Hughes, M.A. and Dunn, M.A. (1996). J. Expt. Bot., 47: 291-305.
    37. Ingram, J. and Bartel, D. (1996). A. Rev. Pl. Physiol. Pl. Mol. Biol., 47: 377.
    38. Iba, K. ( 2002). Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 53: 225–245.
    39. Jaglo-Ottosen, K.R., et al. (1998). Science., 280: 104-106.
    40. Jiang, C., Lu, B. and Singh, B. (1996). Adv. Agron., 63: 77-151.
    41. Kavi Kishore. et al. (1995). Pl. Physiol., 108: 1387-1394.
    42. Kawano, T. et al. (1998). Plant Cell Physiol., 39: 721730.
    43. Kepova, K.D. et al. (2005). Biol. Plant., 49: 521-525.
    44. Klein, J.D. et al. (2001). Acta Hortic., 553: 95-98.
    45. Kodama, H. et al. (1995). Pl. Physiol., 107: 1177-1185.
    46. Kojma, M. et al. (1998). Phytochemistry., 47: 1483-1487.
    47. Korotaeva, N.E. et.al (2001). Rasten., 29: 271-276.
    48. Laloi, M. et al. (1997). Nature., 389: 135-136.
    49. Lee, J.H., Hubel, A. and Schoffl, F. (1995). Pl. J., 8: 603-612.
    50. Lindquist, S. (1986). A. Rev. Biochem., 55: 1151-1191.
    51. 27
    52. Liu, N. et al. (2006). Plant Sci., 170: 976-985.
    53. Liusia, J. et al. (2005). Physiol. Plant., 124: 353–361.
    54. Loss, S.P. and Siddique, K.H.M. (1994). Adv. Agron., 52: 269-276.
    55. Maestri, E. et al. (2002). Plant Mol. Biol., 48: 667-681.
    56. Mahajan. V. et al. (1993). Field Crops Res., 34: 71-82.
    57. Marchand. et al. (2005). Global Change Boil., 11: 2078-2089.
    58. Maresca, B. and Cossins, A.R. (1993). Nature., 365: 606-607.
    59. McAinsh, M.R. et al. (1990). Nature., 343: 186-188.
    60. McKersie, B.D. and Ya’acov, Y.L. (1994). Stress and Stress Coping in Cultivated Plants.
    61. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
    62. Moffat, J.M. et al. (1990). Crop Sci., 30: 881-885.
    63. Momcilovic, I.and Ristic, Z., (2007). J. Plant Physiol., 164: 90-99.
    64. Moore, P.D. (1998). Nature., 393: 419-420.
    65. Morita, S. et al. (2004). Jpn. J. Crop. Sci., 73: 77-83.
    66. Munne-Bosch, S. et al. (2002). Physiol. Plant., 114: 380-386.
    67. Murata, N. et al.(1992). Nature., 356: 710-713.
    68. Nakamoto, H., and Hiyama, T., (1999). In: Pessarakli, M. (Ed.), Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress.
    69. Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 399-416.
    70. Nascimento, W.M., et al. (2004). Scientia Agricola., 61: 156-163.
    71. NDong, C. et al. (1997). Pl. Cell Physiol., 38: 863-870.
    72. Neta-Sharir, I. et al. (2005). Plant Cell., 17: 1829-1838.
    73. Neumann, D.M., et al. (1993). Planta ., 190: 32-43.
    74. Nilsen, E.T. and Orcutt, D.M. (1996). Abiotic Factors. John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New
    75. York.
    76. 28
    77. Nishida, I. and Murata, N. (1996). A. Rev. Pl. Physiol. Pl. Mol. Biol., 47: 541-568.
    78. Nollen, E.A.A., and Morimoto, R.I., (2002). J. Cell Sci., 115: 2809-2816.
    79. Panchuk, I. I., et al. (2002). Plant Physiol., 129: 838-853.
    80. Pearce, R.S. and Ashworth, E.N. (1992). Planta., 188: 327-331.
    81. Pearcy, R.W. et al. (1977). Pl. Physiol., 59: 873-878.
    82. Peet, M.M., and Willits, D.H., (1998). Agric. Forest Meteorol., 9: 191-202.
    83. Pei, Z.M., et al. (1998). Science., 282: 287-290.
    84. Porter, J.R., (2005). Nature., 436:174.
    85. Prasinos, C. et al. (2005). J. Exp. Bot., 56: 633-644.
    86. Psenner, R. and Sattler, B. (1998). Science., 280: 2073-2074.
    87. Queitsch, C. et al. (2000). Plant Cell., 12: 479-492.
    88. Sairam, R.K. and Tyagi, A., (2004). Curr. Sci., 8: 407–421.
    89. Saini, H.S. and Lalonde, S. (1998) J. Crop Prod., 1: 223-248.
    90. Salvucci, M.E. and Crafts-Brandner, S.I., (2004b). Physiol. Plant., 120: 179-186.
    91. Schoffl, E, et al. (1999). In: Shinozaki, K., Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, K. (Eds.), R.G. Landes Co.,
    92. Austin, Texas, pp. 81-98.
    93. Seemann, J.R. et al. (1986) Pl. Physiol., 80: 926-930.
    94. Sharkova, V.E. (2001). Russ. J. Plant Physiol., 48: 793-797.
    95. Sheen, J. (1996). Science., 274: 1900-1902.
    96. Singh, O.S. et al. (1971). Indian J. agric. Sci., 41: 300-304.
    97. Singla, S.L. et al. (1996). Plant Ecophysiology. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York, pp.
    98. 101-127.
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