Volume 27 Issue 1 (March 2008)

Recipes from freshly extracted soymilk i.e. SM [ice-cream, kalakand, and pudding]; soy channa [rasgulla] and soy curd i.e. SC [kadhi and shrikhand] were prepared and evaluated for their palatability using control samples prepared from animal milk [AM]. Fat in freshly extracted SM and SC were estimated to be 3.08 % and 1.9 % which were low as compared to AM and animal curd [AC]. Calculated protein content of experimental recipes was found in the range of 2.38 % to 10.26 %. SM pineapple flavored ice-cream revealed higher overall acceptability. SM pudding was rated equally good for its appearance, texture and taste [t = 0.48, 1.81 and 1.91 respectively; p>0.05] when compared with AM pudding. SC kadhi was found to be better accepted over AC kadhi for its appearance, consistency and taste. SM products were found more economical as compared to AM products.

INFLUENCE OF LEVELS OF FRUIT AND SUGAR ON CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF POMEGRANATE YOGHURT

K.G. Kale, K.D. Chavan, B.K. Pawar and D.N. Bhosale

The influence of addition of pomegranate fruit and sugar levels on chemical composition of pomegranate yoghurt was studied. It was observed that addition of fruit arils (grains) @ 10-15 per cent before incubation in unstirred form with addition of 3-6 per cent sugar was more acceptable. The best pomegranate yoghurt contained 3.20 per cent fat, 21.20 per cent T.S., 5.76 per cent reducing sugar, 13.53 per cent total sugar, 1.09 per cent acidity and pH 4.52. The cost of production of most acceptable pomegranate yoghurt containing 10 per cent fruit arils and 6 per cent sugar was Rs. 28.41/kg.

UTILIZATION OF KOKUM JUICE FOR PREPARATION OF PANEER WHEY BEVERAGE

P.S. Rupnar, K.D. Chavan, B.K. Pawar and D.N. Bhosale

Organoleptically paneer whey beverage (PWB) prepared from 2.5 per cent kokum juice and 15 per cent sugar with 0.1 per cent jeera powder was chemically contained 16.44 %, TS, 19.75 % total sugar, 4.66 % reducing sugar, 15.08% non reducing sugars, 0.417 % acidity and 0.09% protein and pH 4.68. The TS, total sugar, reducing sugar, non reducing sugar, acidity and protein increased significantly with increase in level of kokum juice while pH of PWB reduced significantly with increasing level of kokum juice. The acidity content of PWB showed decreasing trend with increase in sugar level. Effect of sugar level on all other constituents found significant except acidity. The cost of production of PWB was in the range of Rs. 4.72 to 5.57 / lit.

A STUDY OF QUALITY CHANGES OF RETURNED PASTEURIZED MILK

Y.D. Deshmukh, A.S. Hembade1, R. SrinivasaRao, Nga, A.L. Shirfule, C.N. Khobragade

An investigation was performed to find out the quality changes, physico-chemical characteristics and the microbial characterization of the cold stored milk and returned pasteurized milk in sachets after morning and evening distribution at Milk Products Factory, Nanded. In the morning distribution/sessions after a period of 1 hour of exposure of milk sachets to atmospheric temperature, the maximum temperature of returned milk was found to be 26.80C. In the evening distribution/sessions after a period of 7 hours of exposure of milk sachets to atmospheric temperature, the maximum temperature of returned milk was found to be 26.40C. All the milk samples were found to be negative for colt-on-boiling test, indicating that the pH, total titratable acidity and protein stability values have not gone to the extent of destabilizing the colloidal suspension making them heat sensitive.

EFFECT OF MODIFIED ATMOSPHERE PACKAGING (MAP) AND STORAGE ON THE CHEMICAL QUALITY OF PANEER

Sweta Rai1 , G.K. Goyal and G.K. Rai

Traditional food packaging protects food from external contamination, oxygen, water vapour and light. However, newer packaging technologies such as Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP) do more than just provide protection from outside influences. The study was conducted to increase the shelf life of paneer by using MAP technique. The paneer samples were packaged in high barrier bags (LLD/BA/Nylon-6/BA/LDPE) under different atmospheres: atmospheric air (atm1), vacuum (atm2), 100% CO2 (atm3) and 100% N2 (atm4). A headspace to product ratio of 1-2 litres gas / kg product was initially set in the MAP system and stored the samples at 7±1ºC. Periodically, paneer samples were evaluated for changes in chemical characteristics. The analysis of variance of the data revealed that the MAP had significant influence on moisture, titratable acidity, pH, free fatty acids, and tyrosine content of the paneer samples during storage.

KNOWLEDGE OF CATTLE OWNERS ABOUT IMPROVED CATTLE REARING PRACTICES

J.V. Mande, R.D. Rajput, Dr. B.M. Thombare

A growing population in the country and state resulted in to reduction of milk consumption per capita. Due to large cattle population in the state of Maharashtra, there is vast scope and need to produce desirable amount of milk to meet chronic deficit in this region and improve the economic condition of weaker section. The present investigation is therefore undertaken to study the knowledge of Cattle Owners about improved cattle rearing practices It was observed that majority of cattle owners (59.26 per cent) have medium level of knowledge about breeds of cattle, rearing system before parturition, newly born calf, breeding, feeding, health management practices and use of cattle management register.

IMPACT OF KVK TRAINING ON ADVANCE DAIRY FARMING PRACTICES (ADFPS) IN CHANGING KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF PRANI-BANDHU

S. Biswas, A. Sarkar, A. Goswami

The study was conducted in purposively selected KVK (Dakshin Dinajpur) of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya in the state of West Bengal with a sample size of 30 Prani-Bandhu participated in on- campus training programme on Advanced Dairy farming practices during the year 2006. Impact of the training programme was assessed on the five indicators viz. knowledge gain in deworming, artificial Insemination and vaccination, change in attitude and level of symbolic adoption of the Prani-Bandhu. The study revealed that there was a significant change in knowledge about dewormin. Artificial Insemination and vaccination among the Prani-Bandhu regarding advanced dairying due to training. Similarly, the attitude of the respondents as well as their level of symbolic adoption as also increased to the extent of 53.39% and 68.39% respectively. This indicated that the training was designed as per the need of the Prani-Bandhu and it had created positive and significant impact.

COMPARING THE BUILT DETERGENT AND MOLD ENSYME IN REMOVING MILK SOIL FROM MINIATURE DAIRY EQUIPMENT

H. Manjunatha, R. Prabha, R. Krishna and P.A. Shankar

A detergent built from sodium salts and an enzyme extracted from A.flavus TDM 4 were separately used to clean milk soil from miniature dairy equipment such as milk can and cheese vat. Both the built detergent and the mold enzyme were used at 0.5 to 2% concentration to remove soil from the equipment. More soil was removed at the higher concentration of built detergent or mold enzyme. Increasing the concentration of washing solution with simultaneous increase in its temperature resulted in more effective removal of soil and showed high significance at 1% level. However, a higher concentration of enzyme was required to get a comaparable results with a lower detergent concentration.

PREVALENCE OF YEASTS AND MOULDS IN DAIRY PLANT ENVIRONMENT

G.Rajarajan, A.Elango and C.Naresh Kumar

The prevalence of yeasts and moulds in dairy plant environment was higher in summer than in winter. The yeasts and moulds count of air samples obtained from vat area was higher when compared to air samples of package area. Saccharomyces spp was the predominant yeast while penicillium spp and Aspergillus spp were the predominant moulds encountered in air samples of khoa plant.

NUTRIENT CONTENTS IN SELECTED MAHARASHTRIAN AND SOUTH INDIAN SINGLE FULL MEALS

Prajakta Nande, Shilpa Harode, Mriduladevi Valle and Sabiha A. Vali

The present study was conducted to estimate the nutritional quality of selected standard Maharashtrian [M] and South Indian [S] single full meals approximately designed for an average adult. For this purpose, two single full meals [separately from M and S cuisine] varying in compositions were selected. Diets [D] were taken in cooked [C] forms. Meals were coded as M-D1C, M-D2C, S-D1C, and S-D2C. Estimations for protein, fat, crude fiber and ascorbic acid were carried out. Mineral ash was used for estimations of iron and calcium. All meals were found to be good in their protein contents [protein ranged between 14.0 – 24.4 g per meal]. Fat contents in S diets were estimated to be high [15.52 g – 35.50 g]. This could be attributed to excess amount of oil used during cooking. Being rice based, crude fiber contents in S meals were found to be poor [4.57 g to 6.90 g] whereas these were found to be fair in M meals [6.60 – 7.74 g]. The cooked M diets also showed a fairly high calcium content (532.36 mg and 653.19 mg in M-D1C and M-D2C, respectively). Calcium contents in S meals were found to be 340.68 mg in S-D1C and 259.9 mg in S-D2C, respectively. South Indian diets were found to be iron deficient (1.49 mg to 1.96 mg). Maharashtrian meals showed fair amount of iron contents [M- D1C-17.09 mg and M- D2C-17.40 mg]. Ascorbic acid contents in South Indian meals were found to be higher than that in Maharashtrian meals [47.22 and 46.67 mg, respectively in S-D1C and S-D2C]. Calculated values indicate that S meals were high in carbohydrate contents as compared to M meals.

RISK FACTORS FOR CORONARY ARTERY DISEASES IN VEGETARIAN AND NON-VEGETARIAN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN

Shivani Chandla and Kiran Grover

Sixty postmenopausal women (30 vegetarians and 30 nonvegetarians) in the age group of 50-60 years, clinically healthy from the various localities/strata were selected. Background information, physically activity pattern and anthropometric measurements of the subjects were recorded using an interview schedule. Blood pressure of the subjects was also recorded. The blood sample were analysed for glucose and lipid profile. The body weight of both vegetarians and nonvegetarians were found to be higher but prevalence of obesity was higher in nonvegetarians (17 vs 10%).Vegetarians were also reported to have significantly lower TSFT (12.97 vs14.37mm), MUAC(29.47 vs33.07cm) and per cent body fat (38.72 vs41.89%).Vegetarian postmenopausal women had significantly lower systolic (123.67 vs 145.33mm Hg)and diastolic blood pressure (83 vs96.33mm Hg).The lipid profile of vegetarians showed lower level of TC (185.30 vs 111194.72 mg%), TG ()125.23 vs 139.17 mg%, LDL-C (112.92 vs 125.70mg%),TC?HDL-C(4.14 vs 4.81),LDL-C/HDL(2.53 VS 3.13) but significantly higher level if HDL-C (44.79 VS 41.16 MG %).

HEALTH STATUES OF INMATES OF OLD AGE HOMES OF UTTARAKHAND, INDIA

Shewanti N. Kashyap and P. Sharma

There are few data on the health status of elderly people who were the inmates of old age homes despite the increase in longevity and the importance of maintenance of autonomy. The aim of this study was to delineate the health profile of geriatric population aged 60- 80 years or more. The present study was conducted in two regions of Uttarakhand State i.e. Kumaon Haldwani block and Garhwal thus making total sample size of sixty elderly. The sex ratio was twenty six males and thirty four females. Majoritiy of males and females opinion was that their existing health status was appropriate for age. The females had better smell and hearing organs than males, but general health status of males was better than females. Majority of them suffered from hypertension, osteoporosis, heart disease, asthma, and few had diabetes mellitus and cancer. Some of the diseases and conditions found in this study could easily be identified and treated in the present health system through a health care programmes.

IMPACT OF VISUAL MEDIA ON KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF SCHOOL CHILDREN REGARDING NUTRITION EDUCATION

Shikha Choudhary, Sushma Kaushik and Shalini Asrani

Out of the list of various nutritional messages, three main messages i.e. . balanced diet’ ‘Protective foods’ and ‘food hygiene and thirteen sub-messages related to main messages were identified as per judges’ scoring. A package of media including posters, charts, leaflets and booklet were prepared on each message and exposed to school children. Pre and Post exposure scores indicated significant gain in knowledge and change in attitude for most of the messages. However, practice change was quite slow.