Volume 34 Issue 1 (January-June 2000)

Operational environment in a slaughter house: A macro-level case study

Kumar Niraj*, Kaul P.N.

Div. of Extension Education, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 112, India.
*Present Address: Indian Institute of Forest Management, P.O. Box-357, Nehru Nagar, Bhopal-462 003, India.

The paper is an outcome of an exploratory case study of slaughterhouse which was made to identify and study those extension factors which affect productivity of slaughterhouse. Non-participant observation was the major tool for the data collection and it was substantiated by personal interviews wherever required. Based on the available literature and initial observations all those factors which can reflect on the efficiency and productivity of the slaughterhouse were identified and studied. The findings of the study have been discussed under four heads namely, infrastructure and physical environment, social structural, administrative, workers, and consumers. Findings of this study has brought forth many factors which are important to be addressed for effective extension interventions aimed at bringing desired changes for the better productivity of the organisation and better quality of produce.

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Effects of corn germ oil sludge (CS) in broiler diet on performance and carcass fatty acid composition of breast muscle

Manllla A. Hubert, Husveth Ferenc1, Dublecz Karoly2

Department of Agricultural Science, Rivers State College of Education, P.M.B. 5047, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
1Department of Animal Physiology, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Science, Pannon University, H-8361, Keszthely, Hungary.
2Department of Animal Nutrition, Georgikon Faculty of Agricultural Science, Pannon University, H-8361, Keszthely, Hungary.

Experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of corn germ oil sludge (CS) in diets for broiler chickens. CS was compared with beef tallow (BT) and a control diet containing no added fat at dietary levels of 80 g/kg and 40 g/kg for CS and BT, respectively. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous (195 g/kg CP) and calculated to be isocaloric (12.4 ± 0.2 Mj/kg). Live weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality of the chicks was measured. Fatty acid composition of breast muscle tissues was also determined. Chicks fed CS did not differ in weight gain and feed conversion from those fed BT or the control diets. However, the fatty acid profile of breast muscle tissue was altered by diets. In the tissue, n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentration and n-6 to n-3 ratio were higher (P<0.05) and saturated fatty acid concentration lower (P<0.05) in chicks fed CS than in those fed BT or control diet. Results suggest that CS may be effectively used in broiler diets. The alteration of the tissue fatty acid profile with the feeding of CS diet may be advantageous in the production of PUFA rich broiler chicken meat for health conscious consumers.

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Cost of rearing and maintenance of goat in rural area of Mathura district (U.P.)

Rustagi R.L., Agarwal S.C.

Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India.

In this study estimates of cost rearing and maintenance of different categories of goats were obtained on the basis of the data collected from 324 selected households in rural area of Mathura district (U.P.). It was observed that family labour was the major component accounting 67 per cent of the gross cost. The cost of rearing of male kid from birth till one year of age was estimated to be Rs. 366 while it is Rs. 346 In case of female kid. The maintenance cost of an adult goat of either sex was Rs. 51 per month.

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Variability in sex ratio in Karan Swiss cattle

Mukherjee K.1, Tomar S.S., Singh R.B.

Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, India.
1Zonal Agr. Res. Stn. IGKVV, Jagdalpur-494001, India.

Based on 4440 calving records, the frequency of male births (sex-ratio) was observed to be 0.516 which was significantly higher than that of the female births. However, the frequency of male births did not differ significantly among diffetent genetic groups, period, season and parity of calving. The frequency of male births among the progeny of different sires did not differ significantly. The heritability and repeatability estimates were found to be very low.

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Genetic and non-genetic factors affecting abnormal births in Karan Swiss cattle

Mukherjee K.1, Tomar S.S.

Division of Dairy Cattle Breeding, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, India.
1Zonal Agrie. Res. Stn., IGKVV, Jagdalpur - 494 001, India.

Based on 4696 calving records of 1399 Karan Swiss cows, the incidence of abnormal birth was found to be 5.4%. The genetic group of cows, period, season and parity of calving had highly significant effect on the rate of abnormal births. The effect of sire was also significant. About 15% of the total cows had abnormal births during their stay in the herd and most of them (14%) aborted only once. The estimate of heritability and repeatability of the trait were found to be very low.

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Epidemiology and chemotherapy of fascioliasis in goats

Maqbool A., Hashmi H.A1, Shafique M.2, Akhtar T.3, Ahmad M.2, Mahmood F.2

Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Lahore, Pakistan.
2Department of L. & D.D., Punjab.
3Department of Zoology, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan.

Rectal faecal samples from live goats and livers from slaughtered goats were collected randomly and examined every week from January to December, 1994. A total of 600 faecal samples from live goats and 600 livers from slaughtered goats were examined in 48 periods of which 173 (28.83%) faecal samples and 220 (36.66%) livers were found positive for Fasciola gigantica. Prevalence of fascioliasis was higher during autumn both in live 48% and slaughtered goats 63% while lowest during spring i.e. 21% and 25% respectively. The highest month wise prevalence i.e. 56% and 64% was recorded in September while lowest in June and July being 8% and 20% respectively in live and slaughtered animals. The higher prevalence was recorded in adults (33.6%). Females were more affected than males. The results of therapeutic trials by using Triclabendazole and Albendazole indicated that Triclabendazole was more effective in the treatment of fascioliasis in goats.

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Evaluation of nuclear maturation in Black Bengal goat oocytes cultured in vitro

Pampori Z.A.1, Prassad S.P.

College of Veterinary Science, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi, Bihar-834 007, India.
1Present address: Institute of Animal Health-cum-Biological Products, Zakura, Srinagar-190 006, India.

Oocytes Liberated from abattoir goat ovaries were cultured in tissue culture medium-199, supplemented with heat inactivated oestrus cow serum, at 39°C for 24 hours. A total of 225 cultured oocytes were studied for nuclear maturation with 40.44% oocytes maturing to metaphase-II, 28.81% in different stages of maturation (mataphase-I to telophase-I), 14.66 in germinal vesicle stage and 16% oocytes were observed abnormal.

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Effect of inbreeding on slaughter traits of broiler rabbits*

Reddy S. Sai, Reddy C. Eswara, Gupta B. Ramesh, Satyanarayana A.**

Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.
*Part of M.V.Sc. Thesis by the first author submitted to Andhra Pradesh Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.
**Present address: Computer Centre, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad.

The influence of genetic group, sex of bunny and the level of inbreeding of bunny on the slaughter traits of New Zealand White (NN), Soviet Chinchilla (SS), Grey Giant (GG) and Flemish Giant (FF) rabbits at 16 weeks of age was studied. Genetic group had significant influence on edible and inedible offals weight, while the sex of bunny and level of inbreeding of bunny had no significant effect on any of the slaughter traits studied. The overall least squares mean of slaughter weight, dressing percentage and edible and inedible offals weight was 1551.17 ± 33.57 g, 49.69 ± 1.06%, 60.41 ± 1.52g and 320.02 ± 7.35g, respectively.

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Factors affecting some economic traits in Murrah buffaloes

Dass Gopal1, Sadana D.K.

Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, India.
Part of Ph.D. Thesis, submitted by first author to N.D.R.I., Karnal, India.
1Present Address: C.S.W.R.I., A.R. Campus, Bikaner-334 006, India.

1176 first three lactation records of Murrah buffaloes maintained at National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal and Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, spread over a period of 11 years were analysed to assess the influence of farm, season and period of calving and parity on peak yield, 305 days yield, complete lactation yield, lactation langth, dry period and calving interval. The least squares means were 12.04 ± 0.14 kg, 1934.77 ± 19.81 kg, 2067.74 ± 23.86 kg, 313.19 ± 2.77 days, 172.84 ± 5.52 days and 492.38 ± 5.82 days, respectively for the traits under study. Farm, period of calving, season of calving and parity showed highly significant (P<0.01) influence on all the traits except non significant effect of farm on peak yield and complete lactation yield and period of calving on dry period. Significant (P<0.05) effect of period of calving on complete lactation yield and dry period and season of calving on peak yield and dry period and parity on dry period was also studied.

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Inheritance of some economic traits in Murrah buffaloes*

Dass Gopal**, Sadana D.K.

Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal - 132 001, India.
*Part of M.Sc. Thesis, N.D.R.I., Karnal.
**Present Address: CSWRI, ARC, Bikaner-334 006, (Raj), India.

415 first lactation records of Murrah buffaloes sired by 79 bulls were analysed to estimate heritability, genetic and phenotypic correlation among various economic traits. The heritability estimates of age at first calving, first lactation peak yield, first lactation 305 days yield, first lactation total yield, first lactation length, first dry period and first calving interval were 0.42 ± 0.19, 0.48 ± 0.19, 0.38 ± 0.18, 0.35 ± 0.18, 0.05 ± 0.13, 0.00 ± 0.19 and 0.13 ± 0.28, respectively. The genetic correlations among traits were generalty either on negative side or more than unity. The phenotypic correlations were calculated to be low to medium.

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Morbidity and mortality pattern in desi chicken reared by the Santal tribe of West Bengal

Dana S.S.1, Rathore B.S., Kaul P.N.

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly (U.P.) - 243 122, India.
1Present Address: Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, India.

The study was conducted among randomly selected 4 tribal villages of Binpur block of Medinipur district of West Bengal. From each village all heads of Santal households (102) formed the sample of the study. Data were collected through personal interview schedule and observational technique. The study revealed that the morbidity and mortality rates of birds due to Ranikhet disease was highest and is one of the main health constraints in rearing of desi chicken in tribal area.

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Problems of poultry farmers as perceived by the farmers, extension personnel and technology development in Tamil Nadu

Mathialagan P.

Department of Extension, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Namakkal - 637 002, India.

The study was conducted at the Namakkal block in Tamil Nadu for investigating the problems of poultry farmers. The problems identified were, unawareness of decision making, housing, disinfection, medicine purchase, feed processing, chick medication and culling technologies.

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Indigenous technical knowledge in veterinary medicine among tribals

Dana S.S.1, Kaul P.N.

Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122, India.
1Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar-243 122, India.

The study was conducted among randomly selected 4 tribal villages of Binpur block and 4 tribal villages of Jhargram block of Medinipur district of West Bengal. From each village, all heads of Santal and Lodha households keeping livestock were selected for the present study. So, 204 heads of tribal household formed the sample of the study. The data were collected through personal interview schedules and observational techniques. In addition Key Informant Technique was used to find out the indigenous knowledge which is mostly available among the ojhas (village medicine men). The different plants which are used by santal and Lodha tribes and their Ojha for treatment of different diseases of animal were documented.

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Population estimates of sheep and goat breeds of India

Tantia M.S., Vij P.K.

National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, Karnal-132 001, India.

The breed-wise population for 38 recognized breeds of sheep and 20 breeds of goats was estimated from the records of Indian Livestock Census, 1992. The breed tract for each breed was divided into three parts as central, adjacent and specified pockets. For sheep 50 to 80, 20 to 50 and 5 to 20 per cent and for goats 30 to 60, 15 to 30 and 5 to 15 per cent of total population was allotted for these categories of the breed tract respectively. The estimates for each breed population are presented in a tabular form. Among sheep breeds Deccani population estimates. were maximum (4.55m) followed by Marwari (3.80m). The estimated population was very low for Nilgiri (3,000), Banapala (5,000) and Gurej (11,000) breeds. In goat breeds Bengal estimated the highest (19.44m) followed by Marwari (3.27m) whereas Jhakrana and Beetal estimates were minimum, i.e. 52,000 and 54,000 respectively. The Bonpala and Nigiri sheep are at the verge of extinction and need immediate attention for their conservation.

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Feed intake and feed conversion ratio in purebred and crossbred broiler rabbits*

Gupta B. Ramesh, Rao V. Prabhakar, Reddy C. Eswara, Satyanarayana A., Reddy P.P.**

Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad-500 030, India.
*Part of the Ph.D. thesis submitted by the first author to Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad.
**Institute of Genetics, Osmania University, Hyderabad.

Data on feed intake and feed conversion ratio of 17 purebred, 18 two-breed and 27 three-breed cross bunnies from 5 to 16 weeks age were analyzed. Genetic group and season of birth of bunnies have significantly influenced the feed intake and feed conversion ratio of 3-breed crosses. Sex of bunny had no significant influence on feed intake and feed conversion ratio. The overall least square means for feed intake were 4.77, 4.98 and 4.85 kg in purebreds, 2-breed crosses and 3-breed crosses and the means for feed conversion ratio were 3.88, 3.66 and 3.33, respectively. The desired negative heterosis was manifested by the 2-breed and 3-breed cross genetic groups.

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Effect of season and period of calving on predicted milk yields in Murrah buffaloes*

Dass Gopal**, Sharma R.C.

Dairy Cattle Breeding Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal-132 001, India.
*Part of M.Sc. Thesis, N.D.R.I., Karnal.

Daily milk yields of 404 Murrah buffaloes in their first lactation over a period of 15 years (1975–89) at this Institute were utilized for predicting 305 day lactation yield using two sampling (systematic and stratified random) methods at three (fortnightly, monthly and bimonthly) sampling intervals. All sampling schemes and intervals overestimated the actual 305 day yield. While the effects of season (5% level of probability) and period (1% level of probability) on predicted yields in systematic and stratified random schemes of three sampling were significant. The regression of milk yield on age at first calving had no significant effect.

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Effects of lead acetate on maffiophage functions in broiler chicks

Khurana S.K.1, Chauhan R.S.2

Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar-125001, India.
Present address: 1Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, HPKV, Palampur-176 062, India.
2Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Sciences, GBPUAT, Pantnagar-263 145, India.

Effect of lead acetate (400 ppm) was investigated by administration in drinking water for six weeks in broiler chicks. The functional activity of macrophages assessed by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test indicated a significant decrease in number of functional macrophages in birds given lead acetate. The mean NBT positive cells were 35.60 ±1.22 and 21.20 ± 1.04% in control and treated birds respectively.

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Prevalence of fasciolosis in sheep in Nilgiris

Soundararajan C., Kumar R. Anil, Raman M.1, Iyue M.

Sheep Breeding Research Station - Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Sandynallah - 643 237, India.
1Dept. of Parasitology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, India.

Mortality rate in sheep due to Fasciola gigantica in Nilgiris district-of Tamil Nadu was studied between April 1998 and March 1999. The overall mortality was 19.7%. High mortality rate (15.8%) was observed in summer followed by Southwest monsoon (3.8%) and winter (0.6%) respectively. No mortality was recorded during Northeast monsoon season.

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Efficacy of flumethrin against Haematopinus tuberculatus infestation in buffaloes

Gupta S.K., Jain V.K., Kumar Rajinder

College of Veterinary Sciences, C.C.S. Haryana Agric. University, Hisar-125004, India.

In a field trial, flumethrin (Bayticol pour on) @ 1 mg/kg body wt. was found highly effective in adult buffaloes which were naturally infested with Haematopinus tuberculatus. Single treatment prevented reinfestation for up to 35 days and no apparent adverse reactions or side effects were noticed during this period. Results revealed that flumethrin could be safely used against lice infestation in buffaloes under field conditions and may be repeated after a month particularly during winter season.

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Utilization of different litter materials for raising commercial broilers in hilly area

Singh C.B., Sharma R.J.

G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Hill Campus, Ranichauri-249 199, India.

An experiment was conducted during Nov. to Dec. 1996 at high altitude (1800 m) under temperate climate in Himalayan hills of Uttar Pradesh to explore the possibility of utilization of different type of litter material for raising of broiler under deep litter system. Two hundred commercial broiler chicks (Vancob) of a single batch were divided equally into four groups and reared for 8 weeks under deep litter consisting of rice husk, wheat straw, saw dust and chaffed dry pine needles. Results showed that neither 8 week body weights (1727–1754g) nor weekly or total mortality or feed efficiency differed significantly among the experimental groups suggesting that pine needle available in hilly area could be used as an alternative litter material.

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Studies on back fat thickness of Indigenous pigs and their large White Yorkshire crosses

Lakhani G.P., Jogi S.

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pigs, College of Veterinary Science and A.H., Jabalpur - 482 004, India.

Records of back fat thickness of Indigenous pigs and their Large white Yorkshire crosses were collected for present studies. The overall least square means and heritability estimates for back fat thickness were recorded as 2.490+0.334 cms and 0.684+0.233 respectively. Significant effect of genetic groups, year and sire were recorded on back fat thickness. The genetic correlation of back fat thickness with other carcass traits were recorded as higher magnitude with low standard error while phenotypic correlation among all carcass traits were of medium magnitude.

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Efficacy of autogenous vaccine in cutaneous papillomatosis of Ongole heifers

Rao K. Sadasiva, Rao K. Babu, Raju K.G. Solman

Cattle Project, Lam Farm, Guntur-522 001, India.

Twenty Ongole heifers (clinical group - 10 + Control group-10) with cutaneous papillomatosis were selected for study. Animals were treated with autogenous vaccine on alternate days for 6 occasions. Warts disappeared in 80% of cases after 14 days of the last injection.

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Studies on some important first lactation traits of Holstein Friesian × Deoni bred cattle

Thombre B.M., Rotte S.G., Mitkari K.R.*, Siddiqui M.F.

Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Marathwada Agricultural University, Parbhani - 431 402, India.

The data on 110 Holstein Friesian × Deoni breds for a period of 15 years were considered for study. The data accumulated on two farms were evaluated for first service period (FSP), first lactation period (FLP), first dry period (FDP) and first intercalving period (FICP) and effect of farm, season and period on these traits was studied. The least squares means for FSP, FLP, FDP and FICP were 170.51 ± 101.00, 321.25 ± 39.56, 198.86 ± 120.41 and 524.96 ± 218.77 days, respectively. The effect of farm and season were significant on FLP and FDP whereas non-significant for FSP and FICP. The period effect was significant except for FLP.

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Last Updated on Friday, 10 June 2011 19:31