Volume 42 Issue 2 (June 2008)

 

INFLUENCE OF RECEIVING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DIETARY FAT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF FINISHING STEERS

A.R. Yazdani

Eighteen crossbred Holstein finishing steers of 200±25kg weight and 9.5 to 10 months of age were assigned randomly to one of the three groups having 6 animals in each those were supplied with different rations at different levels of calcium long chain of fatty acids (Ca-LCFA) for 120 days and the growth, feed conversion efficiency, dry matter intake and blood profile was studied. The control group received 0 % of Ca-LCFA, 1st group 3 % and the 2nd group 6 % of CLCFA .The average daily gains of control,1st and, 2nd groups were 1.083, 1.011 and 1.115kg, respectively and the fed conversion efficiency were 5.340, 5.688 and 5.898 which showed no significant difference treatment (P<0.05).Average daily dry matter intake of entire period in different groups were 7.433, 7.467 and 7.565 which was also not significant (p<0.05). The blood Hemoglobin, Glucose, PCV and total protein were also measured. The pcv of the 2nd group was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other group, and also total protein of control groups was slightly lower than the other two groups.

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REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN THE SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA OF SPINAL CORD IN GOAT FOETUSES

S. Maya, J.J. Chungath, K.R. Harshan1 and N. Ashok

Regional variations in the substantia gelatinosa during the prenatal development of spinal cord in goat was studied using 52 foetuses of various ages. The substantia gelatinosa presented convolutions by the end of third month of gestation. The frequency of occurrence of convolutions increased among segments as age advanced. By fourth month of gestation, the substantia gelatinosa varied in shape in different segments. The maximum average width was at lumbosacral enlargement. Among the segments of lumbosacral enlargement, sixth lumbar segment presented the maximum size at all ages.

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PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT OF NEURONS IN THE BRAIN OF GOAT

K.M. Lucy, K.R. Harshan1, J.J. Chungath and N. Ashok

Prenatal development of the neurons in the brain of goats was studied using 52 foetuses ranging from 1.4cm CRL (24 days of gestation) to 41.5cm CRL (full term). By 24 days, the middle mantle layer of the neural tube showed two types of cells, viz., the larger neuroblasts and the smaller spongioblasts. Primitive neurons could be clearly distinguished from spongioblasts at 40 days. Aggregation of neuroblasts, the nuclei, first appeared in the seventh week in the thalamus, mesencephalic tegmentum, pons and medulla oblongata. Neurofibrils appeared in the cytoplasm of neurons towards the middle of gestation. But the Nissl granules appeared in the middle of fourth month. Most of the neurons of the brain differentiated during fourth month. Nuclei of most of the neurons were vesicular, centrally placed with dark staining nucleoli. In the granular layer of cerebellum, the nuclei were chromatic and non-vesicular. Towards term, neurons in all parts of the brain were well developed.

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EFFECT OF BEDDING MATERIAL ON PARASITIC PROFILE OF BARBARI GOATS AND MANURE ENRICHMENT OF LITTER UNDER SEMI-INTENSIVE SYSTEM OF REARING

P. Khare, D.V. Singh, and S.K. Singh

Twenty Barbari does, maintained under semi-intensive system of housing, were provided with different bedding materials (saw dust, chaffed paddy straw, rice husk, slatted wooden, cement concrete, sand and soil) in winter, summer and rainy season from December 2004 to August 2005 in Tarai region of Uttaranchal to study parasitic load through egg per gram (EPG) count as well as to ascertain better manure absorption capacity of the litter. Overall EPG values of does in winter, summer and rainy seasons were 290.6 ± 41.2, 913.13 ± 74.51 and 745.0 ± 57.9 eggs per gram, respectively. Egg count in winter was significantly lower (P<0.01) than summer and rainy seasons. During winter, the least-squares means of EPG of does kept on saw dust, paddy straw, rice husk and wooden slatted bedding materials were 237.5 ± 41.3, 367.5 ± 45.3, 335.00 ± 44.3 and 222.5 ± 46.1 eggs per gram, respectively. During summer, the EPG count of does kept on of wooden slatted bedding were significantly (P<0.01) higher (1340.0 ± 119.02) than those kept on cement concrete, sand and soil and wooden slatted bedding. During monsoon, the EPG count remained indifferent due to the bedding materials used. Maximum moisture, nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium were retained by rice husk (80.42 %), paddy straw (71.48%), saw dust (50.38 %) and rice husk (1.89 %), respectively. Hence, rice husk may be considered as bedding material of choice for housing goats in Tarai region of Uttaranchal.

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NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE DAIRY ANIMALS OF JORHAT DISTRICT OF ASSAM

R. Basumatary, R. Buragohain, M.K. Ghosh and S. Bandyopadhyay

A field survey was conducted in Majuli, Teok, Titabor, Mariani, Jorhat and Nakachari under the five development circles of Jorhat district of Assam at random during the year 2005 -06 to get an appraisal of the present feeding and management practices for the dairy animals in the form of a questionnaire through personal contact. Sample of concentrate mixture and roughages offered to the animals were collected, pooled and analyzed for proximate composition, neutral Detergent Fibre and Acid Detergent Fibre. The present investigation revealed that the nutrient composition of provided feed supplements is not up to the satisfaction for sustenance of good health and optimum productivity of dairy animals of the district.

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COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT METHODS FOR DETERMING NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY IN BUFFALOES

Om Prakash and J. Singh

Ten digestion experiments were conducted in two phases using 6 adult buffaloes (3 fistulated male and 3 female) in each method. In each phase, five methods viz., conventional (a), lignin (b), chromic oxide (Cr2O3) (c), nylon bag (d) and in-vitro (e) were used for the determination of feed digestibility. In phase – I, the animals were fed concentrate mixture alongwith ad libitum feeding of wheat bhusa and in phase – II, concentrate mixture and Lucerne green (Medicago sativa L.) were fed alongwith ad libitum feeding of wheat bhusa. The overall digestibilities of all the feed constituents were slightly higher by conventional method than lignin. In both the methods, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, crude fibre and neutral detergent fibre were significantly (P<0.01) lower than Cr2O3 method. Nitrogen-free extract and total carbohydrate digestibility were apparently higher in Cr2O3 than other methods. The average digestibility of all the constituents were at per in methods d and e, but were significantly lower (P<0.01) than the values found in rest of the groups.

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RATE OF PASSAGE OF MULBERRY (MORUS ALBA L.) GREEN LEAVES IN SHEEP AND GOATS

S.C. Kantwa, Lokesh Gupta1 and B.P. Singh

An experiment was conducted by using ten growing animals, five each of Sonadi x Corriedale sheep (18.5-23.4 kg) and Sirohi goats (19.5-24.8 kg). The animals were fed on mulberry green leaves ad lib. The 5 per cent excretion time, rumen retention time (S) and mean retention time (R) was 17.50±1.76, 62.25±2.73 and 56.54±3.15 hr., respectively for sheep and 18.75±0.78, 50.50±3.13 and 46.96±3.15 hr., respectively for goats. The differences for 5 per cent excretion time was non-significant but the differences for 80-5 excretion time (S) and mean retention time (R) were statistically significant (P<0.05) between sheep and goats. The mulberry green leaves were retained for a longer duration in the reticulo-rumen of sheep as compared to goats. Thus, it can be concluded that mulberry green leaves were better utilized by goats as compared to sheep.

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PREDICTION OF BODY WEIGHT ON THE BASIS OF BODY MEASUREMENTS IN KARAN FRIES COWS AND MURRAH BUFFALOES

Mukesh Bhakat, Charan Singh and N.R. Chowdhry

The relationships between body weight (BW) and body measurements such as heart girth, body length, abdominal girth, height at hook and height at withers of 199 Karan Fries (KF) cows and 268 Murrah buffaloes of NDRI herd, were investigated. The principal objective was to develop a regression equation that could be used to estimate BW. The prediction equations developed to predict the body weight from the body measurements gave an accuracy of 72.24 percent (R2) in KF cows and 66.90 per cent (R2) in Murrah buffaloes. Body measurements, mainly HG and AG were better related with BW in both the breeds, KF cows (r = 0.78 and 0.74) and Murrah buffaloes(r = 0.72 and 0.75). So, HG or AG can alone be used for prediction of body weight.

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ALTERATION IN SERUM CAROTENE AND VITAMIN-A IN DRAUGHT EQUINES SUFFERING WITH FOOT AFFECTIONS

S. Purohit1, T. K. Gahlot and N. Kataria

Present research work was conducted on 51 horses of either sex. The carotene values in buttress foot (231.00±18.08 µg/dl), contraction of flexor tendon (231.00±18.08 µg/dl), navicular diseases (228.00 ± 10.44 µg/dl), osselets (209.75± 9.04µg/dl), ringbone (220.00 ± 6.02 µg/dl) and sidebone (219.44 ± 5.06 µg/dl) were found to be significantly higher (P£0.05) than the mean value (204.35 ± 6.20 µg/dl) of the normal animals. The vitamin-A values in buttress foot (7.75±0.22µg/dl), contraction of flexor tendon (7.75± 0.22µg/dl), navicular diseases (7.69±0.13µg/dl), ringbone (7.78±0.07µg/dl) and sidebone (7.84±0.06µg/dl) were found significantly lower (P  0.05) than the mean values (7.99 ± 0.07 µg/dl) of the normal animals.

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DEVELOPMENT OF IN-VITRO PRODUCED CAPRINE EMBRYOS IN VARIOUS CULTURE SYSTEMS

M.S. Saini and O.P. Dhanda

The efficacy of various culture systems was studied for the development of in-vitro produced Caprine embryos . For this purpose, 2 to 4 cell stage caprine embryos matured and fertilized under in vitro conditions were cultured with four culture systems (cumulus cell monolayers, oviductal cell monolayers, chick embryo and rabbit peritoneal fluid) and a control system (TCM-199 + FCS) for about 5 days. The maximum development rate of 48.67±4.08 per cent was obtained when rPF (rabbit peritoneal fluid) was used as the culture system, while none of the 2-4 cell stage embryos reached the morulae/blastocyst stage in the control group. The development rates obtained in other groups were 18.67±3.18, 28.00±3.67 and 45.00±6.42 per cent, when embryos were cultured with cumulus cell monolayers, oviductal cell monolayers and in the fertile chicken eggs amniotic cavity, respectively. It was, thus, concluded that rPF was found to be the most effective culture system for the development of caprine embryos.

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SELECTION INDICES FOR GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF BROILERS

C.B. Singh and C.V. Singh

Data on 2170 broilers maintained at Poultry Research Unit of the university were utilized for the construction of conventional selection indices for genetic improvement of CARI-BRO Broilers. The traits included were 6 and 8 weeks body weight, body confirmation traits at 8 weeks of age for male line and 8 weeks body weight, feed efficiency 6-8 weeks , age at sexual maturity, weight at sexual maturity, egg production up to 40 weeks, egg weight at 32 weeks and body weight at 40 weeks for female line. In terms of genetic cost of restriction, 8 weeks body weight and breast angle were found to contribute significantly to the efficiency of the index for male line. The index I9 consisting 8 weeks body weight and body confirmation traits was found superior for improvement of body weight of male line broilers and index I7 developed on the basis of age at sexual maturity, egg production up to 40 weeks, egg weight at 32 weeks and 40 weeks body weight was found superior to the other indices for female line broilers.

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GENETIC ANALYSIS OF GROWTH RATE IN A SYNTHETIC BROILER STRAIN

Vikram Singh and L.S. Jain

615 Chicks were taken in the three hatches being the progeny of 96 females and 16 males. The average per day body weight gain between 0-2, 2-4, 4-6, 6-8 and 0-8 weeks of age were 7.46±0.09, 14.89±0.14, 43.44±0.28, 61.40±0.32 and 31.83±0.08g, respectively. The effect of hatch was found to be highly significant on growth traits except 4-6 week growth rate. The growth rate was significantly higher in males than females. The heritability estimates were low (0.136±0.085) for 6-8 week growth rate, moderate (0.237±0.117) and 0.385±0.160 for 0-8 week growth rate and 4-6 week growth rate and higher at 0.401±0.165 and 0.695±0.239 for 0-2 week and 2-4 week growth rate respectively. The genetic association of 0-2 week and 2-4 week with 6-8 week and 0-8 week were positive and moderate. The phenotypic association of growth rate between 0-2, 2-4, 4-6 and 6-8 week had positive and significant with growth rate of 0-8 weeks of age. Most of the environmental correlations among growth traits were low either positive or negative.

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INFLUENCE OF METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS ON THE OCCURRENCE OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN KARNATAKA STATE

S.H. Venkatesh, S. Prasanna Kumar, Sudhindra and V.R. Kasaralikar

During the period of nine years (January, 1995 to December, 2003) the influence of meteorological parameters on the foot and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks in cattle, buffaloes and bovines (cattle and buffaloes together) of Karnataka were analyzed. The results of the retrospective study indicated that the minimum temperature with buffaloes and bovines; and rainfall with cattle, buffaloes and bovines, were negatively correlated with outbreaks. Further analysis of data into various subgroups indicated significantly (P0.01) higher outbreaks in up to 100 mm rainfall range areas along with this comparatively higher outbreaks were recorded in maximum temperature of 27.1-31.00C, minimum temperature of 17.6-21.50C and morning humidity of 79.1-92.0%. Probably these factors may be acting as predisposing factors responsible for the occurrence of FMD in Karnataka state.

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MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF ABOMASUM IN SHEEP

H.M. Age, N.S. Bhosle and P.J. Kapadnis

The present study was conducted on six abomasums in sheep. The epithelium were changed from stratified squamous to simple tall columnar in the cardiac region at apex of mucosal fold. The glandular epithelium of abomasums were divided into three zones as cardiac, fundic and pyloric region. The network of fibers were observed in the lamina propria and consisted with collagen elastic and reticular fibers embedded with numerous blood vessels and capillaries in the submucosa of abomosum.

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EFFECT OF GENETIC AND NON-GENETIC FACTORS ON PRODUCTIVE HERD LIFE AND LONGEVITY IN A HERD OF SAHIWAL COWS

M. Abbas and G.K. Sachdeva

The data on period of birth, age at first calving, 305 days milk yield and sire of cow were considered as the factors affecting the productive herd life and longevity in Sahiwal herd at NDRI, Karnal. The data were classified and analyzed by applying Least Squares Technique. The overall mean for productive herd life (PHL) and longevity were recorded as 1418 ± 89.40, 2547.85 ± 89.43 days, respectively. No significant effect of period of birth of cow, age at first calving (AFC) and sire of the cow was observed. However, 305 days first lactation milk yield (FLMY) affected highly significantly the PHL and longevity. The heritability estimates were 0.17 ± 0.22 and 0.09 ± 0.20 for PHL and longevity, respectively.

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A NOTE ON THYROID HORMONAL PROFILE AND CHOLESTEROL DURING AGEING IN MAGRA SHEEP

Shalini Sharma and Nalini Kataria

The present investigation was undertaken with the objective of correlating peripheral concentration of Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) hormone with age and sex in Magra sheep. Also, the study was aimed to correlate the peripheral concentration of thyroid hormones with serum cholesterol during ageing. The T4 concentration decreased with the advancing age. No definite pattern was noticed in the changes of T3 level as the age advanced. Female animal had significantly (P<0.01) higher total T4 levels as compared to males whereas no sexual dimorphism was observed in T3 levels. Serum cholesterol concentration increased with the advancement of age.

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DIFFERENTIAL ROLE PERFORMANCE OF TRIBAL AND NON-TRIBAL HOUSEHOLDS IN ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ACTIVITIES

Kh. Bijubala Devi and A. K. Pandey

The present study was carried out in tribal dominated Ranchi district of Jharkhand state. It revealed that the women performed all the indoor activities namely feeding and watering of animals, cleaning of sheds, cleaning of utensils, dung collection and preparation of dung cake, whereas, the men carried out the outdoor jobs viz. purchase of livestock, feed, fodder, equipment, grazing of animals and calling of Doctor/ vaidya for treatment of animals. The tribal women performed more jobs as compared to non-tribal women and the case was reverse in case of male respondents.

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ASSOCIATIVE EFFECT OF FEEDING JOWAR STRAW IN COMBINATION WITH SOYBEAN STRAW TO CROSSBRED (HF X DEONI) INTERSE CALVES ON DIGESTIBILITY AND ECONOMICS

S.B. Adangale, K.R. Mitkari and S.V. Baswade

Experiment was designed to improve the utilization of soybean straw by simple physical mixing of jowar straw with soybean straw. Nine H.F.X Deoni cross bred interse calves of 6 to 12 months of age were selected. Three calves under each treatment were allotted with similar weight and age forming three groups. The control group was fed with jowar straw adlib + concentrate (T0) and the group with jowar straw 50 % and soybean straw 50 % + concentrate was designated as treatment T1 and T2 having 100 % soybean straw + concentrate as per requirement. Total experimental period was of 105 days in switch over design with a period of 35 days per period. The digestibility of dry matter in cross-bred calves under treatment T1 (56.77%) was significantly (P<0.05) superior over treatment T0 (55.75%) and T2 (55.35%). The digestibility of CP, CF, EE and NFE under treatment T0, T1 and T2 was 55.77, 57.77 and 56.00, 52.18, 52.61 and 51.64, 53.15, 56.00 and 54.71 and 56.62, 56.70 and 56.76 per cent, respectively. The cost per kg body weight gain was highest in treatment T0 (Rs. 48.99) and followed by T1 (Rs. 43.09) and T2 (Rs. 39.11).

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MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF LARGE INTESTINE IN SHEEP

S.D. Kadam, N.S. Bhosale, P.J. Kapadnis and H.M. Aage

Microscopic study was conducted on the large intestine of sheep comprising of three parts, caecum, colon and rectum. The wall of large intestine throughout its length consisted of tunica mucosa, tunica submucosa, tunica muscularis and tunica serosa. Tunica mucosa contained simple columnar epithelium, lamina propria with intestinal glands lymphatic nodule and lamina muscularis. Lymphatic nodules ate aggregated and present in the vicinity of lamina muscularis. Glands were lined by tall columnar cells, goblet cells and argentaffin cells throughout the large intestine. Goblet cells were highest in the rectum and had only one circular layer of smooth muscles but in colon and rectum it consisted of inner circular and outer longitudinal layer of smooth muscle.

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STUDY OF HAIR FOLLICLES IN RED KANDHARI COWS

M.B. Hole, N.S. Bhosle and P.J. Kapadnis

The present study was conducted on 15 female red kandhari cattle. The animals were grouped as lactating, non-lactating and pregnant cows. The hair follicles were distributed evenly in the dermis and composed of an outer root sheath, inner root sheath, cuticle, cortex and medulla. The hair follicles were frequently encircled by sebaceous glands Red Kandhari cows. They were associated with the sweat glands and muscles.

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A STUDY OF ADOPTION OF MILKING AND HEALTHCARE PRACTICES OF DAIRY ANIMALS UNDER CO-OPERATIVE NETWORK OF BANAS MILK UNION OF NORTH GUJARAT

N.R. Chowdhry, J.B. Patel and Mukesh Bhakat

A survey was undertaken to find out the dairy animal managemental practices followed by the member farmers of dairy co-operative society in randomly selected five talukas of Banaskantha district in north Gujarat. In each taluka two villages and in each village ten respondents were selected. It was observed that all the respondents milked their animals twice in a day by using wet hand knuckling method (99%) of milking. Majority of the milk produced generally goes to dairy co-operative society except the amount, which routinely used for family needs. All the respondents adopted practices to vaccinate their animals against Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS). There is facility of integrated mobile veterinary services, which provide vaccination of animals and other veterinary needs.

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STUDIES ON THE HAEMOPOIETIC POTENCY OF ALBINO RABBIT FED SOME INDIGENOUS PLANTS

S. Dutta, S. Roy, P.K. Das1, B.C. Das, P.R. Ghosh and U.S. Das

The present experiment was carried out to investigate the efficacy of haemopoietic potency of indigenous plants namely Astercantha longifolis nees (Kuliakhara) and Ipomoea reptans (Kalmi) in 32 male albino rabbits divided into four groups including control from 6th to 14th week of age. The results of haematological parameters indicated that TEC and Hb values were highly significant (P<0.01) between experimental groups compared to control. PCV and MCV showed a significant difference (P<0.05) between the groups. Rest of the parameters studied i.e. TLC, DLC, MCHC and MCH were found to be non-significant.

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Last Updated on Monday, 29 August 2011 17:38